红海地区安全治理的现实困境与路径选择  

Realistic Dilemma and Path Selection of Security Governance in the Red Sea Region

作　　者：王广大[1,2] 马小东 Wang Guangda;Ma Xiaodong

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学 [2]上海外国语大学中阿改革发展研究中心 [3]北京大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2023年第2期73-96,158,159,共26页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：2021年度上海市高校智库内涵建设计划支持项目“中阿改革发展论坛”(2021ZKNH034)的阶段性成果;上海外国语大学青年教师科研创新团队资助。

摘　　要：近年来,红海地区安全治理面临日益严峻的挑战。安全治理问题呈现新特点且日益复杂化,体现在红海地区“军事化”趋势加剧、域内外国家地缘竞争激烈,以及传统安全威胁和恐怖主义、难民、非法移民、海盗和海上犯罪等非传统安全威胁相互交织等方面。红海国家国内政治转型动荡、自身海洋治理能力不足、地区国家间的重重矛盾、地区地缘政治竞争加剧等是导致地区安全治理陷入困境的主要因素。在此背景下,美国、欧盟、非盟、伊加特和阿拉伯国家等各方力量探寻出台各自主导的红海地区安全治理方案,但都有其局限性。基于海洋命运共同体理念,红海地区安全治理的路径应从以下方面着手:推动地区和国家内部由乱向治;促进地区国家发展,以发展促安全;建立包容性安全合作机制,构建红海地区安全共同体,把红海建成和平、合作、和谐之海。In recent years,security governance in the Red Sea region has faced increasingly severe challenges.The security situation in the region shows new features and is becoming increasingly complex,which is reflected in the intensified trend of"militarization"in the Red Sea region,the intense geopolitical competition between countries inside and outside the region,as well as intertwined traditional security threats and non-traditional security threats such as terrorism,refugees,illegal immigration,piracy and maritime crimes.The reason lies in that the countries in the Red Sea region mainly focus on coping with their own political transition,their own lack of maritime governance capabilities,multi-layer conflicts between countries,and intensified geopolitical competition.All these have led to regional security governance in a dilemma.Against this background,the United States,the European Union,the African Union,the IGAD and the Arab countries are all exploring and establishing their own leading solutions for security governance in the Red Sea region,but their solutions are all limited.Based on the concept of a community with a shared future for the sea,the path of security governance in the Red Sea region should start from the fllowing aspects:promoting the transition from chaos to governance within regions and countries;promoting the development of countries in the region to promote security through development;establishing an inclusive security cooperation mechanism and building a security community in the Red Sea region,with the aim of building the Red Sea as a sea of peace,cooperation and harmony.

关 键 词：安全治理 红海地区 非洲之角 红海地区安全共同体 

分 类 号：D815.5[政治法律—国际关系]