单方负债型夫妻共有房屋强制执行问题研究  

Research on the Enforcement of the Joint House in Terms of Unilateral Liabilities of a Couple

作　　者：易夕寒 Yi Xihan

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学人民法庭研究中心 [2]重庆市渝北区人民法院

出　　处：《中国不动产法研究》2022年第2期255-276,共22页Research on Real Estate Law of China

基　　金：西南政法大学2021年校级科研资助项目“程序与实体交互作用下的股权执行问题研究”(2021XZNDQN—01)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：对于登记在被执行人与其配偶二人名下,以及婚后登记在被执行人配偶个人名下的房屋,执行法院是否可以以及如何执行是困扰理论界和实务界的难题。该问题在司法实践中处理结果迥异,同案不同执的背后,是司法权威的极大受损和法院选择执行、乱执行等负面指摘。实务困惑源于“执行标的权属判断标准”、“审执分离的限度”及“公正与效率的价值取向”三方面认识不一。上述问题的解决方案有二:一是在现行法下,基于公权力法无授权皆禁止原则,不宜由执行法官直接拍卖房屋并执行变价款的50%,但可借鉴第三人到期债权的执行思路折中处理;二是作为立法建议,未来我国的民事执行法应赋予执行法官整体处置房屋后执行50%变价款的权力,同时赋予被执行人配偶提出异议及异议之诉的权利。另外,在房屋拍卖方式选择上,应弃“份额拍卖”而以“整体拍卖”为优选项。For houses registered in the names of the debtor and his spouse,and registered in the spouse's personal name after marriage,whether and how the court can enforce it,is a difficult problem that plagues the theoretical and practical circles.The results of handling this issue in judicial practice are quite different.The different executions of the same cases lead to the great damage to the judicial authority and the negative accusations such as the self-willed execution and arbitrary execution.Practical confusion stems from the different understandings of“the criteria for judging the ownership of the subject matter of execution”,“the limit of separation of trial and enforcement”and“the value orientation of justice and efficiency”.There are two solutions to the above-mentioned problems:First,under the current law,based on the principle of prohibition without authorization by the law of public power,it is not appropriate for the executive judge to directly auction the house and execute 50%of the changed price;The steady progress is learning from the Third-party maturity obligatory right to seek a more positive compromise.Second,as a legislative suggestion,civil enforcement law in the future should give the executive judge the power to execute 50%of the changed price after disposing of the house as a whole,and at the same time allocate the right of the spouse to raise objections and objection lawsuits as relief.In addition,in the selection of housing auction methods,“share auction”should be abandoned and“whole auction”should be the preferred option.

关 键 词：单方负债 夫妻共有 房屋执行 整体拍卖 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]