基于主成分分析的山西省油桃主产区土壤肥力评价  

Evaluation of Soil Fertility in Main Peach Production Areas of Shanxi Province Based on Principal Component Analysis

作　　者：滑小赞 程滨 赵瑞芬[1] 侯家富 王森 王钊 HUA Xiaozan;CHENG Bin;ZHAO Ruifen;HOU Jiafu;WANG Sen;WANG Zhao(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030031;College of Traffic Engineering,Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology,Yuci,Shanxi 030619)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太原030031 [2]山西工程科技职业大学交通工程学院,山西榆次030619

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第5期77-84,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：山西省青年科技研究基金资助项目(201601D202071);山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究资助项目(YCX2020305);山西省果树产业技术体系资助项目(SXFRY-2022)。

摘　　要：以运城油桃主产区6个县域122个土壤样品为试材,采用主成分分析和系统聚类法,通过测定有机质、有效磷、速效钾等11个肥力指标对土壤肥力进行综合评价和分类,以期为油桃种植区土壤养分管理和施肥决策提供参考依据。结果表明:1)研究区有机质和全氮总体缺乏,速效钾、有效铜、交换性钙和交换性镁较丰富,有少部分土壤缺磷、铁、锰和锌。2)主成分分析表明5个主成分的贡献率为77.961%,其中第1主成分以有效锰、有效铁和有效磷贡献大;第2主成分以有机质和全氮贡献大。3)根据土壤养分综合得分可划分为高、中、低3个肥力水平,占比分别为13.1%、39.3%和47.5%。不同种植区土壤综合肥力依次为永济市>盐湖区>新绛县>夏县>万荣县>临猗县。综上,运城市油桃园土壤肥力属于中低水平,土壤有效磷、有效锰、有效铁、有机质和全氮是影响土壤综合肥力高低的主要因素;管理中需增施有机肥,配合施用氮磷肥和微量元素肥料,培肥土壤。Taking 122 soil samples from six counties in the main peach producing area of Yuncheng as test materials,11 nutrient indexes such as organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium were determined.The nutrient status was diagnosed,and principal component analysis and systematic cluster analysis were used to evaluate and classify soil fertility,in order to provide reference for soil nutrient management and fertilization decision-making in nectarine growing areas.The results indicated that,1)soil organic matter and total nitrogen were generally lacking in peach planting area,and available potassium,available copper,exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium were abundant,while available phosphorus,iron,manganese and zinc were deficient in a few of the soil samples.2)Principal component analysis was used to extract 11 soil fertility indexes into 5 principal components,which could reflect 77.961%of all soil information in the study area.The first principal component was available manganese,available iron and available phosphorus,the second principal component was organic matter and total nitrogen.3)The soil fertility level was divided into three categories,namely high,middle and low levels,and the percentages of each level in total samples were 13.1%,39.3%and 47.5%respectively.The order of soil comprehensive fertility in different planting areas was Yongji>Yanhu District>Xinjiang County>Xia County>Wanrong County>Linyi County.To sum up,soil fertility of nectarine orchard in Yuncheng was at the middle and low level,and soil available phosphorus,available manganese,available iron,organic matter and total nitrogen were the main factors affecting soil fertility.In management,it was necessary to increase the application of organic fertilizer,nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and trace element fertilizer to fertilize the soil.

关 键 词：油桃主产区 土壤肥力综合评价 主成分分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学]