垂直监管改革与空气污染——来自县(市)改区的证据  

Vertical regulation reform and air pollution:evidence from the policy of‘turning counties(cities)into municipal districts’

作　　者：吴金群[1] 游晨 田传浩[1] WU Jinqun;YOU Chen;TIAN Chuanhao(School of Public Affairs,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共管理学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2023年第2期11-18,共8页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“我国大都市区行政区划改革的风险及防范研究”(批准号:18BGL204)。

摘　　要：空气污染治理是生态文明建设的重要环节,而政府制度是影响空气污染治理的关键因素。该研究引入县(市)改区的政策背景,探究政府制度中垂直监管改革对空气污染的影响及其内在机理。基于1999—2019年卫星图像与县域经济社会数据,该论文使用多期双重差分模型实证分析县(市)改区对空气污染的影响效应及其作用机制。研究发现:(1)整体而言,县(市)改区可以降低改革县域空气污染约0.62个百分点,表明垂直监管改革具有对空气污染的改善作用。(2)经过替换因变量、子样本回归、平行趋势检验、排除干扰政策等一系列稳健性检验后结论依旧成立。(3)机制分析表明,县(市)改区强化上级政府的垂直监管力度,在财政效应上减轻了改革县域的财政压力并改变财政支出结构,提升空气污染治理能力;在结构效应上增强对改革县域的企业监管程度,减少了当地的空气污染企业数量,并降低了空气污染企业的产值,实现对空气污染的源头管控。(3)异质性分析表明,是否位于行政区边界、改革的方式以及县域地理位置导致改革的效果存在差异。由此,该研究建议应继续深化生态环境、财政税收等相关垂直监管改革,合理调整市县两级的权力配置关系,充分考虑县域实际,从财政支持与企业规制两个方面最大化降低空气污染。Air pollution control is an important part in the construction of ecological civilization,and institutional transformation is a key factor affecting it.In the context of China’s policy of‘turning counties(cities)into municipal districts,’this study attempted to investigate the impact of the vertical regulation reform on air pollution and its internal mechanism.Based on satellite images and countylevel economic and social data from 1999 to 2019,this article adopted the difference-in-differences model to empirically analyze the effect of the policy of‘turning counties(cities)into municipal districts’on air pollution and its mechanism.The results found that:①Overall,this policy could reduce air pollution by about 0.62 percentage points,indicating that the vertical regulation reform had a positive effect on reducing air pollution.②The conclusions still held after a series of robustness tests such as replacing the dependent variable,subsample regression,parallel trend test,and excluding disturbance policy.③The mechanism analysis showed that the reform strengthened the vertical regulation of the superior government.Financially,the reform relieved the fiscal pressure and changed the fiscal expenditure structure.Structurally,it strengthened the degree of supervision and regulation authority on enterprises in the reformed counties and reduced the number of local pollution enterprises and their output value.④Heterogeneity analysis showed that whether the counties(cities)were located at administrative boundaries,how the reform was carried out,and where they were located all led to differences in the effects of the reform.Therefore,this study suggests that the vertical regulation reform in the environment,finance,and taxation be further deepened;the power allocation relationship between the city and county levels be rationalized;and the actual situation in counties be fully considered in terms of financial support and enterprise regulation to maximize the reduction of air pollution.

关 键 词：制度变革 垂直监管 县(市)改区 空气污染 卫星图像 

分 类 号：F061.5[经济管理—政治经济学]