绿色电力证书的法律属性、制度功能与规范完善  

Legal attributes,institutional functions,and regulation improvement of green power certificate

作　　者：岳小花[1] YUE Xiaohua(Institute of Law,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100720,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所,北京100720

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2023年第2期63-72,共10页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金重点项目“完善绿色生产和消费的法律制度研究”(批准号:20AZD093);司法部2018年度国家法治与法学理论研究项目“环境法典编纂研究——以菲律宾的环境法典化为分析重点”。

摘　　要：完善绿色电力证书(简称“绿证”)相关的法律规范,前提是准确识别绿证的基本法律属性和制度功能。绿证代表可再生能源发电的环境、社会和其他非电能属性,由于其独立的经济价值和使用价值,具有稀缺性、可控性及可交易性,故具有明显的财产属性。同时,绿证具有证券的衍生性、要式性及文义性特点,但在表征内容、使用范围、效力、交易范围等方面与证券具有本质差异,并不属于真正意义上的证券,而仅是属于一种证券化财产。绿证的复合性、风险性和便捷性特征,决定了绿证制度具有证明履行或替代履行功能、兑现环境价值与投融资功能、引导促进绿色电力消费以及助力绿色核算的功能。绿证专门性规范文件主要是《自愿认购通知》及其附件《认购规则》,其在规范理念、制度内容及形式效力等方面仍然存在诸多问题,从而影响了绿证制度功能的有效发挥。因此,应重点围绕绿证作为证券化财产的基本法律属性,相应完善《认购规则》的理念和框架体系,并从价格机制、交易标的、交易方式、减少不必要的交易限制,完善纠纷解决及申诉机制等方面规则内容;待实施条件成熟后,逐步提升立法层级与效力。尽管《民法典》《证券法》等调整私主体间交易行为的法律规范为实施绿证制度提供一定的规范基础和模式借鉴,在纳入《民法典》关于权利质权的规范体系及《证券法》调整范围内,在行政法规或法律层面明确规定其可以作为财产权利用于出质。在《可再生能源法》《电力法》等相关法律中明确规定可再生能源配额制度并辅之以严格的法律责任,以为绿证制度的实施提供强制力保障。To improve the legal regulation of the green power certificate system,we need to accurately identify the basic legal attributes and institutional functions of the green power certificate.The green power certificate represents the environmental,social,and other non-electric energy attributes of renewable energy power generation.It has an obvious property attribute because of its independent economic value and value in use,and because of its scarcity,controllability,and tradability.At the same time,the green power certificate has the derivative,formal,and literal characteristics of securities,but it is essentially different from securities in terms of representative content,scope of use,effectiveness,and transaction scope.Therefore,it does not belong to securities in the real sense and is not within the adjustment scope of the Securities Law.The green power certificate has the characteristics of compositionality,risk,and convenience,which determines that the green power certificate system mainly undertakes the functions of proving or replacing performance,fulfilling environmental value,performing the investment and financing functions,guiding and promoting green power consumption,and facilitating green accounting.There are still many problems with the special legislation of the green power certificate system,namely,the Notice of Voluntary Subscription and its attaching Subscription Rules,in terms of normative ideas,system content,and formal effectiveness.These problems tend to affect the effectiveness of its institutional functions.We should focus on the basic legal attributes of the green power certificate as a securitized property,perfect the concept and framework system of the subscription rules accordingly,improve the rule content in terms of price mechanism,transaction object,transaction mode,the reduction of unnecessary transaction restrictions,and better the dispute resolution and appeal mechanism.When the implementation conditions are mature,we should gradually improve the legislative level and effectivenes

关 键 词：“双碳”目标 绿证 配额制度 可再生能源 绿色电力 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]