为什么说南海诸岛自古就是中国领土——10世纪以前中国对南海诸岛的发现、占有和管治  

The Reason that the South China Sea Islands Have been Chinese Territory since Ancient Times—China’s Discovery,Occupation and Governance of the South China Sea Islands before the 10th Century

作　　者：郭声波[1] Guo Shengbo

机构地区：[1]暨南大学历史系、历史地理研究中心,广州市510632

出　　处：《中国边疆史地研究》2023年第1期142-154,216,共14页China's Borderland History and Geography Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“明清至民国南海海疆经略与治理体系研究”(21&ZD226);“环南海历史地理研究”(12&ZD144)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：先秦秦汉时期,中国人已登上南海诸岛生产、生活,并以有明显归属指向的“南海”为相关海域命名,在海上开辟国内航线,地方官员在南海进行巡视。东汉末年首次将西沙群岛命名为“珊瑚洲”。三国时中国人开辟了从广州穿行南海的多条国际航线。南朝时有海军巡视南海,在藩属国林邑设置管理海洋的官职。隋唐五代时期,基本形成环南海航线,西沙群岛有了定居居民;中国在广东建立海上巡警部队,保护海商安全、巡护南海诸岛;阿拉伯人将涨海称作“中国海”。这些在法理上已经构成中国人对南海诸岛的“发现”“占有”和“管治”,从而取得领有权利,因此可以说至迟从战国秦汉以来,南海诸岛就是中国固有领土。During the pre-Qin period to the Qin and Han Dynasties,the Chinese had landed on the islands of the South China Sea engaging production for living,and named the relevant waters after the“South Sea”with a clear attribution,opened up domestic routes on the sea.There are also Chinese local officials conducting inspections on the South China Sea.At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty,the Xisha Islands were named“Coral Island(珊瑚洲)”for the first time.During the Three Kingdoms period,the Chinese opened up a number of international routes from Guangzhou through the South China Sea.During the Southern Dynasties,the navy patrolled the South China Sea and set up marine management officials in Linyi—a vassal state.China’s governance of the South China Sea Islands and its jurisdiction over related waters had gained international recognition.During the Sui,Tang and Five Dynasties,the route around the South China Sea was basically formed,and the Xisha Islands had settled residents;China established a maritime patrol force in Guangdong to protect the safety of maritime merchants and patrol the South China Sea islands;the Arabs called Zhanghai(涨海)the“China Sea”.These have legally constituted the Chinese people’s“discovery”,“occupation”and“governance”of the South China Sea Islands,thereby obtaining the right to possess them.Therefore,it can be said that the South China Sea Islands have been China’s inherent territory since the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties at the latest.

关 键 词：中国历史 固有领土 南海 南海诸岛 珊瑚洲 

分 类 号：K29[历史地理—历史学] D691[历史地理—中国史] K872[政治法律—政治学]