农民分化、地权诉求与土地承包经营权退出实践  

Farmers'Differentiation,Land Rights Appeal and the Exit Practice of Land Contractual Management Right

作　　者：张曦[1] ZHANG Xi(Qinghai University,Xining 810000,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学省情研究中心,青海西宁810000

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期90-96,共7页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“村庄治理现代化的区域差异研究”(18ASH002);青海省哲学社会科学青年项目“青海牧区社会治理机制创新研究”(22Q066);青海大学青年科研基金项目“青海乡村人才振兴的困境与路径研究”(2022-QSY-7)。

摘　　要：农民是新型城镇化与乡村振兴主体,在推进土地承包经营权有偿退出过程中,应重视农民分化的经济社会基础,坚持以农民为主体的发展改革创新。基于湖北省土地承包经营权有偿退出改革试点的经验调查,分析改革试点实践过程中,农民、村集体、地方政府、工商资本等多主体间不同的实践逻辑。认识农民与土地经营关系变化基础上的生计分化所形塑的农民分化,基于农民与土地的关系,非农化家庭逐渐脱离土地和农业,半工半耕家庭以及纯农家庭仍对土地有一定依赖性,农民分化体现出差异性地权诉求。土地承包经营权退出实践缺乏对不同类型农户的识别机制,村集体难以适应土地承包经营权退出秩序。应加强农民分化识别机制研究,建立多元化退出模式,并强化土地集体所有权规则,维护土地承包经营权退出秩序,保障各类农户利益。Farmers are the main body of new urbanization and rural revitalization.In the process of promoting the paid withdrawal of land contractual management rights,we should pay attention to the economic and social basis of farmers'differentiation and adhere to the development,reform and innovation with farmers as the main body.This paper is based on the empirical investigation of the paid exit reform pilot of land contractual management right in Hubei province.Based on the relationship between farmers and land,non-agricultural families gradually separated from land and agriculture,semi-working and semi-farming families and pure agricultural families still have a certain dependence on land,and farmers'differentiation reflects different land rights demands.The exit practice of land contractual management right lacks the identification mechanism for different types of farmers,and it is difficult for the village collective to grasp the exit order of land contractual management right.We should strengthen the identification mechanism of farmers'differentiation,establish diversified exit mode,strengthen the collective ownership of land,grasp the exit order of land contractual management right,and protect the interests of all kinds of farmers.

关 键 词：农地制度 地权诉求 农民分化 集体所有制 土地承包经营权 

分 类 号：D922.3[政治法律—法学]