Fault Tolerant Optical Mark Recognition  

作　　者：Qamar Hafeez Waqar Aslam M.Ikramullah Lali Shafiq Ahmad Mejdal Alqahtani Muhammad Shafiq 

机构地区：[1]Department of Computer Science&IT,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur,63100,Pakistan [2]Department of Information Sciences,The University of Education,Lahore,54770,Pakistan [3]Industrial Engineering Department,College of Engineering,King Saud University,P.O.Box 800,Riyadh,11421,Saudi Arabia [4]Department of Information and Communication Engineering,Yeungnam University,Gyeongsan,38541,Korea

出　　处：《Computers, Materials & Continua》2023年第2期3829-3847,共19页计算机、材料和连续体（英文）

基　　金：King Saud University for funding this work through Researchers Supporting Project number(RSP2022R426).

摘　　要：OpticalMark Recognition(OMR)systems have been studied since 1970.It is widely accepted as a data entry technique.OMR technology is used for surveys and multiple-choice questionnaires.Due to its ease of use,OMR technology has grown in popularity over the past two decades and is widely used in universities and colleges to automatically grade and grade student responses to questionnaires.The accuracy of OMR systems is very important due to the environment inwhich they are used.TheOMRalgorithm relies on pixel projection or Hough transform to determine the exact answer in the document.These techniques rely on majority voting to approximate a predetermined shape.The performance of these systems depends on precise input from dedicated hardware.Printing and scanning OMR tables introduces artifacts that make table processing error-prone.This observation is a fundamental limitation of traditional pixel projection and Hough transform techniques.Depending on the type of artifact introduced,accuracy is affected differently.We classified the types of errors and their frequency according to the artifacts in the OMR system.As a major contribution,we propose an improved algorithm that fixes errors due to skewness.Our proposal is based on the Hough transform for improving the accuracy of bias correction mechanisms in OMR documents.As a minor contribution,our proposal also improves the accuracy of detecting markers in OMR documents.The results show an improvement in accuracy over existing algorithms in each of the identified problems.This improvement increases confidence in OMR document processing and increases efficiency when using automated OMR document processing.

关 键 词：Optical mark recognition fault recognition marking system 

分 类 号：TP391.41[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]