淤泥质海岸人工海滨浴场水质改善方案及效果监测——以上海金山城市沙滩为例  

Water quality improvement measures and effect monitoring of the artificial bathing beach in the Muddy Coast--a case study of Jinshan City sand beach,Shanghai,China

作　　者：季永兴 印越 JIYongxing;YIN Yue(Shanghai Water Engineering Design and Research Institute,200061,Shanghai,China;Shanghai Ocean Engineering Design and Research Institute,Arcplus Group,200061,Shanghai,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center on Coastal Zone,200061,Shanghai,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市水利工程设计研究院有限公司,上海200061 [2]华建集团上海海洋工程设计研究院,上海200061 [3]上海滩涂海岸工程技术研究中心,上海200061

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2023年第1期122-128,共7页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：上海市海洋局科研计划项目(编号:沪海科2019-3);上海市黄浦区自主创新领军人才计划。

摘　　要：为解决在淤泥质海岸建设人工海滨浴场涉及的水质维护问题,在调查了潮流、泥沙、水质及本底生物等基础上,提出了围堤分隔、沉沙碧水、引排换水、生态自净等水质维护总体方案,并开展了沉沙碧水试验、换水可行性及设施规模论证、生物净化措施研究和长期水质监测分析。结果显示:1)围堤分隔成围区可达到碧水沉沙效果,2 d后悬沙沉降率达93%,水体中总磷浓度削减率达70%;2)利用潮差和泵站、涵闸可实现海水浴场围区节能减排的引排换水功能,泵站和涵闸分别按单次补满或排空确定规模;3)生态自净系统构建需在本底调查基础上,按照食物网结构的营养动力学原理,投放适宜数量和规模的鱼、虾、蟹、贝、藻等;4)随着活动人群数量增加,水质有变坏趋势,并且呈明显季节性变化。最后,研究建议加强引排设施维护和生态系统监测,控制夏季人流数量,加强水体交换频次。An artificial beach was proposed to build at the muddy coast located in the north side of the Hangzhou Bay.In order to deposit sediment and maintain water quality,several potential factors were investigated including tidal current,sediment transport,water quality and local organism.A general approach of water quality maintenance is presented following the procedure of submerged dike enclosure,sediment deposition,change water and ecosystem construction.The series of studies were carried out on effect of sediment deposition,feasibility of change water and the size of division and drainage system,ecological self-purification system construction,and a long period of water quality monitoring.The results show that:(1) The sediment is settled when the water body is enclosed by submerged dike.About 93% of suspension is settled out of water and the concentration of total phosphorus reduced more than 70% after two days.(2) The water in the enclosure region can be changed by pump station and culvert during the tide period.The size of them should be determined by the tidal characters.(3) The ecological self-purification system should be established based on the background investigation.The aquatic animal such as fish,shrimp,crab,shell,algae etc.should be dropped in proper quantity and in proper range following the principle of nutri-dynamics of food network.(4) On-site monitoring results indicate that during the long-term operation,with increased tourists,the water quality has tended to worse,and it changes in season.At last,the paper suggests that the division and drainage system should be maintenance,the water quality monitoring should be enhanced,the number of tourists in summer should be limited and the frequency of water changing should be increased.

关 键 词：海滨浴场 淤泥质海岸 水质维护 引排水规模 生态自净系统 杭州湾 

分 类 号：P748[天文地球—海洋科学] P753[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程] P76