我国沿海渔业养殖设施空间分布与台风影响关联性研究  

Studies on the correlation between the spatial distribution of aquaculture facilities and the influence of typhoon in southeast China

作　　者：姜雨青 张俊波 国志兴[5] 万荣 JIANG Yuqing;ZHANG Junbo;GUO Zhixing;WAN Rong(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources of Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Ministry of Natural Resources Hazard Mitigation Service,Beijing 100194,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心(上海海洋大学),上海201306 [4]大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [5]自然资源部海洋减灾中心,北京100194

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2023年第1期183-192,共10页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(NFSC41501560);上海市青年东方学者项目(QD2017038);上海市教委立项高校青年教师培养资助计划(ZZSHOU18025)。

摘　　要：分析2015—2018年我国沿海省份(除中国台湾省)台风分布特征及养殖设施分类布局,基于卡方检验、秩和检验与区域重心方法,对渔业养殖设施格局与台风的风速及频次进行相关性分析。结果显示:4 a间,我国沿海地区台风登陆次数最多的省份为广东省、福建省和海南省,频次皆为5次以上。普通网箱分布与台风风速、频次呈线性相关,当台风等级达到8级(风速>17.1 m/s)时,其分布受台风影响程度加大。深水网箱分布仅受台风风速影响,对高速台风(风速>24.4 m/s)较为敏感。根据台风综合指标,筏式养殖分布受台风影响最显著,当台风等级到达6级(风速>10.8 m/s)时,其受灾状态较为明显。筏式养殖适合分布在近岸风力低于6级的海域内;普通网箱可设置在内湾等8级风力以内的海域;深水网箱适合分布在开阔的远海区域。根据各省养殖设施分布现状,建议福建省和广东省减少筏式养殖面积,推进深海抗风浪网箱的使用;海南省和浙江省积极推广“复合型渔业”发展;北方沿海各省受台风灾害影响较小,在发挥筏式养殖品种优势下,可依托海洋牧场,积极打造休闲渔业。总体而言,我国养殖设施布局的合理性还有待进一步探讨,本研究结果对各省份养殖设施的后期布局规划具有科学的参考意义。In this study,we presented and analyzed the distribution characteristics of typhoons and three kinds of aquaculture facilities in southeast coastal provinces of China from 2015 to 2018.Based on Chi-square and rank sum tests and with regional center of gravity method,the correlation between the distributed pattern of aquaculture facilities and the wind speed and frequency of typhoons were determined.The results showed that the provinces with the most typhoon landings in the southeast coastal areas of China were Guangdong,Fujian and Hainan in the past four years,and their respective frequencies were more than 5 times.The distribution of traditional cage was linearly correlated with the wind speed and frequency of typhoon.The distribution is more affected when the typhoon reaches 8(wind speed17.1 m/s) and higher levels.The distribution of deep-water cage was only affected by the wind speed of typhoon,especially by the high-speed(wind speed24.4 m/s) typhoon.According to the comprehensive index of typhoon,the center of gravity of raft culture was found to be the farthest away from the center of gravity of typhoon,indicating that its distribution is affected most considerably by typhoon.When the typhoon reaches level 6(wind speed10.8 m/s),its disaster status would be more significant.Raft culture is suitable to be distributed in the sea area where typhoon reaches up to level 6.Tradition is widely distributed,which can be set in the sea area with level 8 wind force such as inner bay.Deep cage is suitable to be distributed in the open sea area.According to the distribution of aquaculture facilities each province,it is suggested that Fujian and Guangdong should reduce the raft culture while the compound-fishery should be actively developed in Haina and Zhejiang.Northern coastal provinces are less affect by the typhoon disaster.With the advantage of raft culture varieties,we can actively build recreational fishery relying on marine ranching.However,in general,the suitableness of the aquaculture facilities distribution shou

关 键 词：养殖设施 台风 布局 相关关系 重心 

分 类 号：S937[农业科学—渔业资源]