经历体“过_(2)”与可还原性  

Experiential guo_(2)(过)and recoverability

作　　者：陆方喆[1] 朱斌[1] LU Fangzhe;ZHU Bin

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学文学院

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2023年第2期209-221,共13页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“汉语语体类型与体标记的选择和制约关系研究”(编号:20CYY033)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：以往研究把体标记“过”的语法意义概括为“终结性”“可重复性”和“不连续性”等多个特征。文章提出“过”表达的动作或状态具有“可还原性”特征。所谓“可还原性”是指动作或状态变化后可恢复至与变化前相似的状态,即可构成“非X→X→非X”的变化过程。动词或形容词如果能进入“之前X(了),现在非X”格式,则具有可还原性。文章区分了瞬间还原和过渡还原两种还原方式,证明“可还原性”优于“终结性”“可重复性”和“不连续性”,是使用“过”的关键语义特征。文章揭示出体标记“过”表达的事件经历“无→有→无”的变化过程,因此其语法意义可修改为“变化后的还原状态”。该定义精确地抓住了“过”的体意义,并能与另一个体标记“了”有效区分开来。In previous studies,the grammatical meaning of the aspect marker guo(过)has been summarized as"terminality","repeatability"and"discontinuity".This article suggests that the action or state expressed by guo has the characteristic of"recoverability".The so-called"recoverability"refers to the change process of "non X→X→non X",in which the action or state can be restored to the same one as before the change.If a verb or adjective can be used in the form of"zhiqian(‘past')X(le),ianzai(‘present')non X",it will show "recoverability".The paper distinguishcs between instantaneous restoration and transitional restoration,and proves that"recoverability"is superior to"terminality","repeatability"and"discontinuity",and is the key semantic feature of using guo.The article also reveals that the event expressed by the aspect marker guo goes through the process of"nothing-→something-→nothing",so its grammatical meaning can be modified as“the restored state after change".This definition accurately captures the core meaning of guo and can effectively distinguish it from another aspect marker le.

关 键 词：变化 可还原性 “过” 体标记 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]