汉语二语者形旁知识的发展及其对同音语素区分的作用  

A study on the development of Chinese L2 learners'knowledge of semantic radicals and its role in homophone differentiation

作　　者：马静 郝美玲 MA Jing;HAO Meiling

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学汉语进修学院 [2]北京外国语大学中国语言文学学院

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2023年第2期263-275,共13页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(项目批准号:21BYY171);国家社会科学基金重大项目(项目批准号:17ZDA305);中外语言交流合作中心项目(项目批准号:22YH02ZW)的支持。

摘　　要：汉语中存在大量同音异形语素,给汉语二语者的字词学习带来很大困难。形旁提供的语义线索可能会有助于二语者区分同音语素。为验证这一假设,本研究通过两个实验考察了不同汉语水平二语者形旁知识的掌握程度及其对同音语素区分的作用。实验一比较了不同汉语水平二语者和母语者在不同家族数形旁知识上的表现,结果发现,虽然汉语二语者的形旁语义判断正确率显著低于汉语母语者,但是二者在大家族形旁上的差距较小,而在中家族和小家族形旁上差距较大。实验二以形旁语义判断正确率为自变量,同音语素区分成绩为因变量的回归分析结果表明,形旁知识可以显著预测同音语素区分的表现。基于此,我们建议在汉语二语者字词教学中重视形旁知识,除了巩固大家族形旁知识外,还要加强中小家族形旁的教学。The presence of a large number of homophones in Chinese makes word learning very difficult for Chinese L2 learners(CSLs).The clues provided by semantic radicals may help CSLs to differentiate homophones.To test this hypothesis,two experiments were conducted to examine CSLs'knowledge of semantic radicals and its effect on their differentiation of homophones.Experiment 1 compared the performance of CSLs at different levels with native speakers on their knowledge of semantic radicals of different families and found that although CSLs were significantly lower in their judgment rates than those of native speakers,the difference between them was smaller for large families than medium and small families of semantic radicals.The results of the regression analysis in Experiment 2,with the correct rate of semantic radical judgment as the independent variable and the performance of homophone differentiation as the dependent variable,showed that knowledge of semantic radicals significantly predicted the performance of homophone differentiation.Based on this,we suggest that semantic radical knowledge should be emphasized in the teaching of Chinese as a second language,and that the teaching of radicals of small and medium families should be strengthened in addition to consolidating the knowledge of large family semantic radicals.

关 键 词：形旁知识 形旁家族数 同音语素区分 汉语二语者 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]