罗伯特·菲尔默绝对君主制思想的隐现与17世纪英国政治制度变革  

The Silence and the Reappearance of Filmer's Thought of Absolute Monarchy and the Evolution of the English Political System in the 17th Century

作　　者：张炜[1,2] Zhang Wei

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学历史学院,北京100101 [2]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（世界史）》2022年第8期34-44,共11页world history

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“17世纪英国社会舆论与政治制度发展演进研究”(16BSS043)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：罗伯特·菲尔默作为17世纪主张绝对君主制的英国政治思想家,是约翰·洛克《政府论上篇》中的主要论敌。菲尔默绝对君主制思想的核心为父权论,即国王从亚当那里获得了权威性,在其土地上拥有绝对的统治权。因此,国王的权力具有神圣的起源,其性质如同父亲之于孩子。国王不受法律约束,在很长一段时间里,国王便是唯一的法律;议会在制定新法律时仅需发挥咨询作用。在17世纪英国政治制度不断变革的背景下,菲尔默的两部重要政论书籍分别在内战期间创作完成或初次出版,之后因君主制被推翻而长期隐没,直至1680年政治危机期间又再次出现。其著述兼具论证的严肃性与观点的极端性特点,为保王派提供了思想武器。新版书籍在内容体例、关键用词、作者署名等方面皆做了一定调整,以在新的政治与文化语境中提升书籍的学术性与可信度。正是由于菲尔默绝对君主制思想本身的特性以及在多种策略下的传播,使其思想成为能够代表保王派并被广泛关注的严肃政治话语,这也成为促使洛克将矛头对准菲尔默的直接诱因。Robert Filmer,an English political theorist who advocated absolute monarchy in the 17th century,was the main opponent of debate in John Locke's Two Treatises of Government.The core of Filmer's thought of absolute monarchy is patriarchy,that is,the king obtains authority from Adam and has absolute dominion over his land.The power of the king.therefore,has a divine origin,and it is of the nature of a father to his children.The king was not subject to law,and for a long time the king was the only law.Parliament has only an advisory role in making new laws.Two of his most important books on politics were written or first published during the Civil War in the context of constant changes in the British political system in the 17th century.His books disappeared after the overturn of monarchy,and reappeared during the political crisis before and after 1680.His writings were both serious in argumentation and extreme in views,which provided ideological weapons for the royalists.In order to enhance the academic and credibility of the new books in the new political and cultural context,

关 键 词：罗伯特·菲尔默 绝对君主制 约翰·洛克 政府论两篇 书籍史 

分 类 号：D756.1[政治法律—政治学]