晋唐时期吐鲁番盆地的谷物种植与收获时间考证——基于吐鲁番出土文献  

A Textual Research on the Grain Planting and Harvest Time in Turpan Basin from Jin to Tang Dynasties:According to the Ancient Turpan Documents

作　　者：蒋洪恩 武海龙 王广超 王博 Jiang Hongen;Wu Hailong;Wang Guangchao;Wang Bo

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学人文学院考古学与人类学系,北京100049 [2]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872 [3]新疆吐鲁番学研究院,新疆吐鲁番838000 [4]中国科学院大学人文学院科学技术史,北京100049 [5]新疆维吾尔自治区博物馆,新疆乌鲁木齐8830091

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（魏晋南北朝隋唐史）》2022年第4期64-77,共14页HISTORY BETWEEN WEI-JIN AND SUI-TANG

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“汉唐期间丝路先民的农业活动与环境适应以新疆地区为例”(41672171);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2020M670565);中央高校基本科研业务费专项“吐鲁番阿斯塔那基地出土晋唐文书的植物考证”(E0E48931X2)。

摘　　要：吐鲁番阿斯塔那基地出土的大量晋唐时代的文献,为我们研究当地居民的农业活动和植物利用提供了丰富的材料。本文根据吐鲁番出土文献所提供的谷物种植、收获的大致日期,结合朔润表和史日对照表,推定晋唐时期吐鲁番盆地居民大麦、小麦、糜与粟的大致播种与收获时间。研究发现,晋唐时期吐鲁番居民一般于公历2月底至3月上旬播种小麦,3月中、下旬播种大麦,6月下旬至7月初收获大麦,7月中下旬收获小麦;糜与栗的种植时间相对灵活,大致为公历5月下旬至7月中旬,收获时间不晚于10月下旬。因夏季需要抢收大、小麦,故二者的交租或偿还时间与收获时间大致吻合;秋季因农活较少,种田人可从容治秋,故上缴糜与栗的日期要晚于秋收时间。A large number of documents from the Jin to Tang dynasties,unearthed from the Astana cemetery in Turpan provide us with abundant materials for studying the agricultural activities and plant utilization of our ancestors.Early researchers have discovered the types of crops,crop planting and grain utilization,but the understanding of the issue about the specific sowing and harvest time of cereals are still open.Based on the approximate data provided by the Turpan unearthed documents,combined with the Shuo-Run and the historical date comparison tables,the approximate sowing and harvesting times of barley,wheat,common millet and foxtail millet during the Jin to Tang Dynasties in Turpan Basin are estimated.We found that the ancient Turpan people generally planted wheat and barley from the end of February to early March,and mid to late March,respectively.They harvested barley and wheat from late June to early July,and mid to late-July,respectively.The planting time of foxtail millet and common millet were relatively flexible.Roughly from mid-May to mid-July on the Gregorian calendar,and the harvest time is roughly in early mid-October.Due to the need to rush to harvest barley and wheat in summer,the rent or repayment time of the two grains is roughly the same as the harvest time.As there is less farm work at the end of autumn,farmers can calmly manage the fall,so the date of handing over the millet is later than the harvesting time.

关 键 词：晋唐时期 吐鲁番盆地 谷物种植 谷物收获 出土文献 

分 类 号：K237[历史地理—历史学] K242[历史地理—中国史] S-09[农业科学]