国家治理视角下中国县乡关系的演进、问题与趋势  

The Evolution,Problems and Trends of China's County-township Relationship from the Perspective of National Governance

作　　者：李荣娟[1,2] 殷旺来 Li Rongjuan;Yin Wanglai

机构地区：[1]湖北大学公共管理学院,武汉430062 [2]湖北大学湖北县域治理研究院,武汉430062 [3]苏州大学政治与公共管理学院,苏州215123

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（中国政治）》2022年第6期40-51,共12页CHINA POLITICS

基　　金：湖北改革智库重点研究课题“深化湖北县域扩权赋能强县改革”(ZKCG202109);华中科技大学国家治理研究院委托项目“新时代地方治理现代化研究”(2018GJZL001)。

摘　　要：理顺县乡关系是构建职责明确、依法行政的政府治理体系的重要内容,也是促进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的内在要求。历经70余年的变革,中国县乡关系在发展的初构、再构、重构、优构四个阶段,展现出不同特征:县权下乡、县社一体、简县扩乡、县乡平衡,它是历史中国与现实中国两种力量综合作用的结果。从演进逻辑看,国家结构形式是县乡关系演进的制度基础,政治、经济体制变革是县乡关系调整的主要动力,财政关系调整是县乡关系变革的主要途径,制度化分权是县乡关系发展的主要手段。当前县乡关系还存在着职能配置的低精准性、权责分配的不均衡性、条块关系的结构性紧张、制度化分权的弱规范性等问题。在国家治理体系与治理能力现代化背景下,理顺县乡关系,不能盲目仿照西方模式,要从中国历史和现实出发,通过提高职能配置精准性、优化权责分配均衡性、调适条块之间的张力、深化制度化分权改革来完善政府职能体系,增强基层治理能力。Straightening up the relationship between counties and townships is an important part of building a government governance system with clear responsibilities and exercising administration in accordance with the law.and it is also an inherent requirement for promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities.After more than 70 years of reform,the relationship between counties and townships in China has experienced four stages of development:initial construction,continuous construction,reconstruction,and optimization.Over the stages mentioned above,the county-township relationship shows different characteristics:the devolution of power from counties to the townships,the integration of counties and cooperatives,simplified counties and expanded townships,and the balanced development between counties and townships.It is the result of the combined effects of the two forces of historical China and real China.From the perspective of evolution logic,the state structure form is the institutional basis for the evolution of county-township relations,political and economic system changes are the main driving force for the adjustment of county-township relations,and fiscal relationship adjustment is the main way to reform the county-township relations.Institutional decentralization is the main means of relationship development.The current relationship between counties and townships still has problems such as the low precision of the allocation of functions,the imbalance in the distribution of powers and responsibilities,the structural tension of the block relationship,and the weak standardization of institutionalized decentralization.In the context of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities,it is not allowed to blindly copy the western models in terms of straightening out the relationship between counties and townships.To achieve this purpose,proceeding from China's history and reality,we must improve the government function system and strengthen the

关 键 词：国家治理 县乡关系 政府改革 府际关系 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]