从语音数据到音法范畴——类型和演化观中的基本概念和认知范畴  

From Phonetic Data to Phonological Categories:Basic Concepts and Cognitive Categories in the Perspectives of Typology and Evolution

作　　者：朱晓农 Zhu Xiaonong

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学,江苏徐州221008

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（语言文字学）》2022年第10期3-19,共17页LINGUISTICS AND PHILOLOGY

摘　　要：本文讨论“语音学和音系学之间关系”的世纪难题,尝试从一个更广阔的“音法学”视角来看待这个问题。音法学或语言语音学是语音科学和语言学的交叉部分,研究所有与语音有关的现象。其内部有六个分科,共时音系学是其中之一。语音表达式和音系表达式可以在音法学中得到统一处理。本文还讨论了“形式”的含义,认为语言本身在本体论上并不是一个如数学几何那样的形式系统,而是充满非理性因素的人类行为,所以,从认识论上看,语言学不能是一门形式科学,而是一门经验科学;不过,从方法论上来看,可以假定一个理想的语言状态而使用数理统计(不是数理逻辑)这样的形式化方法。需要注意的是:不要把语言研究方法论上的形式手段,误认为语言本体论上的形式观,由此误以为语言本身是个形式系统,进而把语言学的学科属性(认识论)也曲解了。This paper discusses a century puzzle of the relationship between phonetics and phonology,and tries to reexamine it from the perspective of linguistic phonetics(LP)or phonology in a broader sense.As an interdiscipline of phonetic sciences and linguistics,LP studies all the phenomena related to speech sounds.It covers six branches,one of which is synchronic phonology.Representations of phonetics and phonology can be integrated into LP.The paper also discusses the terms of"formal/formalism/formalization",and regards,ontologically,language as human behaviors with enormous irrational factors,but not as a formal system like those in mathematics and logic.Therefore,linguistics cannot be a formal science epistemologically,but an empirical science.However,methodologically,it is possible to assume an ideal linguistic state and use formal methods like mathematical statistics(not mathematical logic).It is worth noting that we should not take formal methods applied in language studies as a sign of ontological formalism for language per se,so as to avoid mistaking language itself for a formal system and misinterpreting the disciplinary atribute of linguistics(epistemology).

关 键 词：语音学 音系学 语音数据 音法范畴 类型学 形式主义 形式化 

分 类 号：H01[语言文字—语言学]