汉语词汇的发展阶段及其演进机制  

The Development Stages of Chinese Vocabulary and Its Evolution Mechanism

作　　者：王贵元[1] Wang Guiyuan

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（语言文字学）》2022年第8期53-65,共13页LINGUISTICS AND PHILOLOGY

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重大项目汉字发展史"(15ZDA12)。

摘　　要：汉语词汇的发展经历了单义词发展阶段、多义词发展阶段、派生词发展阶段和双音词发展阶段四个阶段。由单义词发展为多义词,其演进方式主要有词义离析、词义移植、词义延伸三种。词义离析是词义发展过程中,一个词义拆分为两个词义。词义移植是以共同特征或互有关联为依据,把新义移植到旧词中。词义延伸指词在使用过程中受搭配词语的影响延伸出新的词义。由多义词发展为派生词,其演进方式主要是语音派生和字形派生。语音派生即改变原词音节的部分音素,使原词派生出新词。字形派生可分为字形上有承继关系和没有承继关系两类。The development of Chinese vocabulary has gone through four stages:the stage of monosemic words,the stage of polysemous words,the stage of derivational words and the stage of disyllabic words.From monosemic words to polysemous words,there are three main ways of evolution:word meaning segregation,word meaning transplantation and word meaning extension.The word meaning segregation refers to the division of one meaning into two in the process of words meaning evolution.The word meaning transplantation is described as transplanting new meanings into old words based on common characteristics or mutual association.The word meaning extension means that words extend new meanings under the influence of collocation words during their usage.The way of development from polysemous words to derivational words is mainly based on phonetic derivation and glyph derivation.The phonetic derivation just means the fact that the original words derive new words through changing some syllabic phonemes of the original words.Glyph derivation could be divided into two categories:inheritance relation in glyph and no inheritance relation in glyph.

关 键 词：汉语词汇发展史 出土文献用字 汉字发展史 

分 类 号：H1-09[语言文字—汉语]