明代来华欧洲传教士所记汉语官话——非三明代汉语官话“南京标准音说”  

A Study on the Nature of Mandarin Recorded by European Missionaries in the Ming Dynasty:Nanjing Dialect Was Not the Standard Pronunciation of Mandarin in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：张玉来[1] 尹瑀 Zhang Yulai;Yin Yu

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（语言文字学）》2022年第3期43-60,共18页LINGUISTICS AND PHILOLOGY

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“明清民国珍稀时音韵书韵图整理集成与研究”(19ZDA308)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：已有的研究表明,汉民族共同语从其萌芽状态就扎根中原汉语,长期以黄河中下游地区的方言为基础,以丰镐汴洛地区的方言为主要权威方言(非标准音)。但在二十世纪后期,有学者针对明代共同语(官话)提出了不同的看法,认为明代汉语共同语以南京话为标准音。这一看法的基本依据是明末来华欧洲传教士所记汉语官话文献。而分析这些传教士的文献并将其和相关文献比较,可以发现,“明代官话以南京话为标准音”的看法具有很大的片面性,既跟明代大多数文献所记的史实相违背,也不符合汉语共同语历史发展的内在逻辑。Previous studies have shown that the common language for the Han people was rooted in the Chinese used by the people in the Central Plains from the beginning,which was based on the dialects in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and greatly influenced by the dialects in Feng,Hao,Bian and Luo areas.However,in the late 20th century,according to the literature written by European missionaries in the late Ming Dynasty,some scholars put forward another view on the common language of the Ming Dynasty,claiming that Nanjing dialect was the standard pronunciation of Mandarin in the Ming Dynasty.In this paper,we have made a comprehensive analysis and comparison of these missionary documents,and conclude that this view is one-sided,and is not only contrary to the description of most literature in the Ming Dynasty,but also inconsistent with the inherent logic of the historical development of the Chinese common language.

关 键 词：汉语史 共同语 明代 传教士 音系 基础方言 

分 类 号：H109.3[语言文字—汉语] K248[历史地理—历史学]