《中华民国民法》“第一条”的源流与功能  

The Origin and Function of Article 1 of the Civil Law of the Republic of China

作　　者：张生[1,2] Zhang Sheng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学法学院 [2]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（法理学、法史学）》2022年第12期56-67,共12页JURISPRUDENCE AND HISTORY OF LAW

摘　　要：民法学者多认为《中华民国民法》(以下简称“民国民法”)第一条经《大清民律草案》,继受于《瑞士民法典》第一条,但却无法圆满地解释两者在条文表达方式和规范功能上的差异。该条文近则承袭于《大清民律草案》,远则继受于日本、德国法。该条文虽然形似瑞士民法,而条文内容与规范功能则完全取法于日本民事法令。在解释适用过程中,该条文发挥了三种规范功能:其一,它是“法律适用”的指示性规范,明确了民法渊源及其适用顺序;其二,它设定了民法解释的边界,维系了以民法典为中心的统一而又开放的民法体系;其三,审判机关在解释适用过程中,弥补了该条文的立法缺陷,进一步完善了它的指示功能和体系化功能。Most civil law scholars believe that the article 1 of the Civil Law of the Republic of China(hereinafter referred to as the"Civil Law of the Republic of China")was inherited from the article 1 of the Swiss Civil Code through the Draft of Qing Civil Code,however,it cannot satisfactorily explain the differences between the two provisions in terms of expression and normative function.This article is considered to be inherited from the Draft of Qing Civil Code and even from Japanese law and Germany law.Although the article is similar to the Swiss civil law,the content and normative function of the article are completely taken from the Japanese civil law.In the process of interpretation and application,this article plays three normative functions:firstly,it is an indicative norm of"law application",defining the origin of civil law and its order of application;secondly,it sets the boundary of civil law interpretation,maintaining a unified and open civil law system centered on the Civil Code;thirdly,in the process of interpretation and application,the judicial organs make up for the legislative defects of the provision and further improve its instructive and systematization function.

关 键 词：民法体系 民国民法 第一条 立法源流 规范功能 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]