“权利不得滥用”原则在近代中国的继受——以民初大理院民事裁判为中心  

The Acceptance of the Principle of"No Abuse of Rights"in Modern China:Focusing on the Civil Judgements of the Supreme Court in the Early Period of the Republic of China

作　　者：段晓彦[1] 徐琨捷 Duan Xiaoyan;Xu Kunjie

机构地区：[1]福州大学法学院 [2]华东政法大学法律学院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（法理学、法史学）》2022年第3期93-110,共18页JURISPRUDENCE AND HISTORY OF LAW

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目民国时期民事裁判中的“‘法理’研究”(21BFXo05)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“权利不得滥用”虽是近现代民法学的一项重要原则,但中西法律传统中不乏与该原则相类似的观念或制度。经由《大清民律草案》在规范层面的吸纳以及中日学者在法理上的推介和诠释,“权利不得滥用”原则逐渐传入近代中国。民初大理院的司法实践,则是近代中国深入继受该原则的重要环节。在“私法社会化”思潮的推动下,民初大理院援用“权利不得滥用”原则进行民事裁判,同时对权利滥用的判断标准和法律后果等进行探索和提炼,并根据不同情况对权利行使受限制的当事人给予适当保护。民初大理院通过援用该原则,在权利行使的层面对民众进行引导,借以阐发近代民法价值观,但期间亦面临着保守与进步的博奔。“权利不得滥用”原则在民初大理院民事裁判中的适用,对其后的民事立法与民事审判产生了重要影响,其流风余绪延绵至今日海峡两岸。"No abuse of rights"is an important legal principle of modern civil law.In Chinese and western legal traditions,there are similar concepts or systems of this legal principle.Through the absorption of this principle by the Draft of the Civil Law of the Qing Dynasty at the normative level and the promotion and interpretation by Chinese and Japanese scholars at the jurisprudential level,the principle of"no abuse of rights"was introduced into modern China.The judicial practice of the Supreme Court in the early period of the Republic of China was an important stage:under the promotion of the trend of"socialization of private law",the Supreme Court invoked the legal principle of"no abuse of rights"to make civil judgements and explored the judgement criteria and legal consequences of the abuse of rights.In the judicial process,the court gave appropriate protection to the parties whose exercise of rights was restricted in some cases.In terms of effect,the Supreme Court invoked this principle to guide people in the exercise of rights so as to clarify the value of civil law,but it also faced the competition between the conservative forces and the progressive forces.In addition,the application of this legal principle by the Supreme Court also had an impact on the subsequent legislation and judicature on both sides of the Taiwan Straits.

关 键 词：大理院 权利不得滥用 私法社会化 损害他人为目的 民法价值观 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]