成文法背景下的判例实践——近代中国最高审判机构判例汇编与实效  

Case Law Practice against the Background of Statutory Law in Modern China

作　　者：刘昕杰[1] Liu Xinjie

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（法理学、法史学）》2022年第2期84-96,共13页JURISPRUDENCE AND HISTORY OF LAW

基　　金：最高人民法院案例研究课题“民国时期最高法院案例中的判词”(2018SFAL002)的研究成果。

摘　　要：与大理院时期不同,国民政府最高法院时期的判例汇编是在成文法典陆续颁行的背景下进行的。在造法功能向释法功能转变的背景下,判例仍是最高司法机关行使法律解释权的重要方式。由于官方判例汇编不及时,国民政府时期出现了大量的民间判例汇编,因对判例的界定不清,不同的判例汇编也呈现出内容的差异。为了法官适用便捷,判例汇编大多将判例的裁判要旨摘录、拆分、重组,并以现行法律条文为体例,将最高法院判例的裁判要旨法条化、体系化,形成了事实上的法律补充规则体系。这种汇编方式强化了判例的适用便利,但遮蔽了判例的司法特征,判例之于成文法的实践优势并未得到彰显。在司法实践中,最高法院判例对下级法院审理同类案件仍具拘束力,但其实效已远不如大理院时期。随着成文法典的日益完善,判例在近代中国影响力的日益衰减也就势在必然了。Different from those in the DaliYuan period,the case reports in the Republic of China period were compiled against the background of the successive promulgation of statutory codes.In the process of transition from law-making function to law interpretation function,the case law was still an important way for the highest judicial organ to exercise the power of law interpretation.Since the official reports of judgments were not compiled in a timely manner,a large number of non-official reports of cases appeared in the Republic of China period,and the contents of different versions of these reports were different because of the unclear definition of the cases.In order to facilitate the application by judges,most case reports extracted,split and reorganized the digests of judgments in the cases,and compiled and systematized the digests of judgments of the highest judicial organ cases in the style of the existing legal provisions,thereby formed a de facto system of supplementary legal rules.This method of case compilation increased the convenience of application of case law,but masked the judicial characteristics of precedents,and failed to manifest the practical advantages of precedents over statutory law.With the increasing perfection of statutory codes,the decline of the influence of precedents in modern China became inevitable.

关 键 词：近代中国 最高法院 判例 判例汇编 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]