碳中和背景下大气科学碳氮循环研究前沿问题与建议  

Frontier issues and countermeasures of carbon-nitrogen cycle research in atmospheric science

作　　者：彭静[1] 丹利[1] 周天军[1] 季劲钧[1] 冯锦明[1] 黄玫[2] 杨富强 徐忠峰[1] 郑辉[1] 应恺然 李嘉伟[1] 钱拴[3] PENG Jing;DAN Li;ZHOU Tianjun;JI Jinjun;FENG Jinming;HUANG Mei;YANG Fuqiang;XU Zhongfeng;ZHENG Hui;YING Kairan;LI Jiawei;QIAN Shuan(Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;National Meteorological Center,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [3]中国气象局国家气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2023年第2期594-603,共10页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:42141017、41975112、42175142和42175013)资助。

摘　　要：碳循环不断受到气候变化、大气CO_(2)浓度、人类活动和氮循环等多种因素的共同影响。然而,未来以"碳达峰和碳中和"为目标的排放情景下,中国陆地生态系统碳汇潜力仍然存在很大的不确定性,影响了实现双碳目标的碳减排和碳增汇相关政策的制定和实施。厘清大气科学中关于碳氮循环演变研究有关科学认识将会为中国碳达峰和碳中和的实现提供有力地科学支撑。文章回顾了国内外大气科学中碳氮循环研究的基础和现状,分析了当前气候变化、大气CO_(2)升高、碳氮循环相互作用的关键过程和人类活动对地球系统碳氮循环研究的影响。其中,氮营养元素对碳循环的影响充分表明生物固氮和大气氮沉降等过程对碳汇有重要影响,可以减少地球系统模式中碳汇模拟的不确定性;此外,由于气候变化是气候系统对外强迫的快变响应和慢变响应的综合结果,在大气科学中有必要区分快变响应和慢变响应对中国碳汇的影响,分析人为碳排放清零后中国陆地生态系统碳汇潜力和固碳速率的变化;最后,在此基础上获得相应的启示并给出了未来的策略建议,以期为国家碳中和战略顺利实施提供参考与借鉴。Carbon cycle is constantly influenced by a combination of factors such as climate change,atmospheric CO_(2) concentrations,human activities and the nitrogen cycle.However,under the emission scenario of carbon emission peak and carbon emission neutral,there is still great uncertainty about the carbon sink of China,which affects the formulation and implementation of relevant policies for carbon emission reduction and carbon sequestration.Clarifying the scientific understanding of the evolution of carbon and nitrogen cycles in atmospheric science will provide strong scientific support for the realization of carbon peak and carbon neutrality in China.Here,this study reviews the basis and current status of carbon and nitrogen cycle research in atmospheric science,and analyzes the key impacts of current climate change,atmospheric CO_(2) increase,carbon and nitrogen cycle interaction,and human activities on the study of carbon and nitrogen cycle in the earth system.The influence of nitrogen nutrients on the carbon cycle fully indicates that biological nitrogen fixation and atmospheric nitrogen deposition have important impacts on China's carbon sinks,which can reduce the uncertainty of carbon sink simulated by Earth System Models.In addition,since climate change is a comprehensive result of the fast response and slow response of the climate system,it is necessary to distinguish the impact of fast and slow responses on China's carbon sink,and analyze the changes in carbon sink and carbon sequestration rate of China after anthropogenic carbon emissions are neutral.Finally,on this basis,it would provide a strategical reference for the implementation of the national carbon neutral strategy.

关 键 词：碳循环 氮循环 碳汇潜力 气候变化 大气CO_(2) 碳达峰 碳中和 

分 类 号：P46[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P595