超越西方语境下的“中等强国”:模糊性、特征化与再定位  

Beyond the"Middle Powers"in the Western Context:Fuzziness,Characterization and Reorientation

作　　者：沈陈[1] Shen Chen

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（国际政治）》2022年第7期35-48,共14页International politics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“发展中国家地位问题的新进展与中国应对研究”(20CGJ001);中国社会科学院青年科研启动项目“发展中国家地位研究:基于历史与规范的考察”(2020YQNQD0054)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“中等强国”历来是国际关系中的重要组成部分,但其作为一种概念却具有明显的争议性和模糊性。为了使“中等强国”在概念上更加清晰和可操作,西方国际关系理论从制度主义、功能主义、理想主义、建构主义四种范式对“中等强国特征”进行探讨,增加了中等强国研究的广度和深度。但随着“中等强国特征”研究愈发意识形态化以及新兴国家的不断涌现,这种由行为特征倒推概念定义的研究路径与国际关系现实之间的脱节日趋严重,给相关研究和实践造成很大的负面影响。因此,作者提出应回归中等强国的基本意涵,将西方话语中的意识形态化定位拓展为利基下的等级一关系定位:首先选择关键指标,确定中等强国的相对实力;然后选择参照系,确定关系主体与中等强国的相互关系;最后选择利基领域,确定中等强国的权力基础。新的定位路径有利于祛除中等强国研究中普遍存在的西方意识形态色彩,也为中国在大国战略竞争加剧的背景下制定自“一条线”战略以后新的包含“中间地带国家”的外交政策提供有益借鉴。"Middle power"has always been an important part of international relations,but as a concept,it is obviously controversial and ambiguous.In order to make the concept of"middle power"more clear and more operational,Western international relations theory from four paradigms of institutionalism,functionalism,idealism,constructivism explore the"middlepowermanship,"which increases the breadth and depth of the study of middle power.However,with the research on"middlepowermanship"getting more ideological and the continuous emergence of emerging countries,the disconnection between the research approach defined by the backward conceptualization from behavioral characteristics and the reality of international relations has become increasingly serious,causing a great negative impact on relevant research and practice.Therefore,the author proposes that we should return to the basic meaning of the middle power,and expand the ideological positioning in western discourse to the hierarchical relationship positioning under the niche:first,select key indicators to determine the relative strength of the middle power;then select the reference frame to determine the relationship between the main body of the relationship and the middle power;finally,niche areas are selected to determine the power base of middle powers.The new positioning path is conducive to removing the Western ideology prevalent in studies of middle powers,and also provides useful reference for China to formulate its new foreign policy for"intermediate-region states"in the context of intensified strategic competition among great powers since the"One Line"Strategy.

关 键 词：中等强国 中间地带 西方话语 中国外交 战略竞争 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系] D50[政治法律—政治学]