能源系统低碳转型中的挑战与机遇:车网融合消纳可再生能源  

Challenges and Opportunities in the Low-Carbon Transformation of Energy Systems:Utilising Renewable Energy through a Vehicle-to-Grid Model

作　　者：马少超 范英[2] Ma Shaochao;Fan Ying

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)经济管理学院 [2]北京航空航天大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（国民经济管理）》2022年第9期121-133,共13页NATIONAL ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目“绿色导向的社会经济系统管理决策”(基金号:72021001);重大项目“绿色低碳发展转型中的关键管理科学问题与政策研究”课题三“能源体系变革的规律与驱动机制研究”(基金号:71690245)的资助;中国博士后科学基金面上项目“考虑可再生能源消纳的电动汽车充电峰谷电价机制研究”(基金号:2020M680627)的资助。

摘　　要：随着我国能源系统低碳转型的不断推进,以电动汽车替代燃油汽车、以可再生能源发电替代火力发电为代表的低碳能源生产和利用技术应用规模迅速增加,导致承载能量传输任务的电力系统面临着大规模随机性充电需求和波动性发电消纳的双重挑战。借助电动汽车充电时间可调度、电池储能空间可用的特征,采用车网融合的模式解决上述能源转型过程中的供需结构性矛盾是极具潜力的研究领域。本文分析了车网融合的基础、评估了我国车网融合的技术和经济潜力,提出推进车网融合的关键是管理机制和引导政策。最后,结合电动汽车行业的政策演进历程,给出了逐步转向市场驱动的政策建议。With the continuous advancement of the low-carbon transformation of China's energy system,the application of low-carbon energy production and utilisation technologies is rapidly increasing.Two prime examples are electric vehicles(EVs)replacing petrol vehicles and renewable energy power generation replacing thermal power generation.The power system that performs the critical task of energy transformation faces the dual challenges of largescale random EV charging demand and fluctuating renewable power supply.However,with an understanding of the characteristics of EV charging times that can be scheduled and the available battery energy storage capacity,the possibility exists to solve the structural contradiction between supply and demand in energy transformation by adopting a vehicle-to-grid(V2G)model.This paper analyzes the foundation of V2G,evaluates the technical and economic potential of V2G in China,and points out that the key to promoting V2G is management mechanism and guiding policy.Finally,combined with the policy evolution process of the EV industry,the paper presents policy recommendations to gradually shift the mechanism of the EV industry to market-driven.

关 键 词：能源低碳转型 电动汽车 可再生能源 车网融合V2G 政策建议 

分 类 号：F426.471[经济管理—产业经济] F426.6