定向运动员空间距离感知特征研究:来自行为学和fNIRS的证据  

Study on Spatial Distance Perception Characteristics of Orienteers:Evidences from Behavioral and fNIRS

作　　者：唐思洁 秦奎元 李瑛[1] 鲍圣彬 刘阳[1] TANG Sijie;QIN Kuiyuan;LI Ying;BAO Shengbin;LIU Yang(Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China;Nanshan Foreign Language School(Group)Shenshan West Centre School,Shenzhen 518200,China;Nanshan Foreign Language School(Group)Taoyuan Middle School,Shenzhen 518073,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学,陕西西安710119 [2]南山外国语学校(集团)深汕西中心学校,广东深圳518200 [3]南山外国语学校(集团)桃源中学,广东深圳518073

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2023年第3期20-27,36,共9页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(GK202007035);陕西省教育科学“十三五”规划课题(SGH20Y1061)。

摘　　要：目的:探究不同空间场景下不同水平定向运动员空间距离感知的特征。方法:采用2(运动水平:专家、新手)×2(场景类型:地图场景、实景场景)的混合实验设计,通过功能性近红外光谱成像技术测量在空间距离感知任务下定向运动员背外侧前额叶(DLPFC)和腹外侧前额叶(VLPFC)中含氧血红蛋白(Oxy-Hb)浓度变化。结果:1)在地图场景条件下,专家组正确率显著高于新手组,反应时显著短于新手组;在实景场景条件下,专家组正确率显著高于新手组;专家组和新手组在实景场景下正确率显著高于地图场景,反应时显著低于地图场景。2)新手组在L-VLPFC、R-VLPFC和L-DLPFC脑区Oxy-Hb激活显著,且实景场景激活程度大于地图场景;专家组在L-DLPFC脑区Oxy-Hb激活显著,且地图场景激活程度大于实景场景;实景场景条件下,L-VLPFC、L-DLPFC和R-DLPFC脑区Oxy-Hb激活显著,新手组的血氧浓度高于专家组。3)专家组在地图场景下行为绩效与L-DLPFC脑区的激活水平显著相关;新手组在实景场景下行为绩效与L-DLPFC和R-DLPFC脑区的Oxy-Hb激活水平显著相关;专家组和新手组的Oxy-Hb激活程度与正确率呈正相关,与反应时呈负相关。结论:1)专家组在空间距离感知任务中表现出高任务绩效和专项认知优势,具体表现为Oxy-Hb激活程度低;2)不同空间场景类型对定向运动员空间距离感知加工产生了不同的行为绩效和脑加工特征,Oxy-Hb激活变化与认知行为表现存在相关性,受运动水平及场景类型制约,体现在不同的脑区。Objective:To explore the characteristics of orienteers spatial distance cognition in different levels under different spatial scenarios.Methods:Adopting mixed experimental design(level:Expert,novice)×(scene type:Map scene,real scene).Meanwhile,the changes of orienteers Oxy-Hb concentration in DLPFC and VLPFC under spatial distance perception task were measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Results:1)Under the map scene condition,the correct rate of the expert group was significantly higher than that of the novice group,and the reaction time was significantly shorter than that of the novice group;under the condition of the real scene,the correct rate of the expert group was significantly higher than that of the novice group;the accuracy rate of the expert group and the novice group in the real scene is significantly higher than that of the map scene,and the reaction time is significantly lower than that of the map scene.2)The novice group had significant activation of Oxy-Hb in the L-VLPFC,R-VLPFC and L-DLPFC,and the activation degree of the real scene was greater than that of the map scene;the expert group had significant activation of Oxy-Hb in the L-DLPFC,and the activation degree of the map scene was greater than that of the real scene;under the condition of the real scene,the Oxy-Hb activation in the brain regions of L-VLPFC,L-DLPFC and R-DLPFC was significant,and the blood oxygen concentration of the novice group was higher than that of the expert group.3)In the map scene,the behavioral performance of the expert group was significantly correlated with the activation level of the L-DLPFC;in the real scene,the behavioral performance of the novice group was significantly correlated with the activation level of the L-DLPFC and R-DLPFC.The degree of Oxy-Hb activation in the expert group and the novice group was positively correlated with the correct rate,and negatively correlated with the response time.Conclusions:1)The expert group shows high task performance and specific cognitive advantages

关 键 词：定向运动 功能性近红外光谱成像技术 空间距离感知 地图特征 

分 类 号：G826[文化科学—体育训练]