肌力平衡:释义、内在机制及实践应用  

Muscle Strength Balance:Interpretation,Internal Mechanism and Practical Application

作　　者：聂秋 李丹阳[1] 陈建[1] NIE Qiu;LI Danyang;CHEN Jian(Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430079,China;Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College,Nanchong 637002,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉体育学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]川北医学院附属医院,四川南充637002

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2023年第3期28-36,共9页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2018YFF0300904)。

摘　　要：肌力平衡是影响运动表现的关键因素。梳理肌力平衡相关研究,归纳肌力平衡的概念和内涵,从动作控制的角度探讨其内在机制,并探索在运动损伤检测及体能训练中的应用。结论:1)肌力平衡是机体为适应内、外部刺激,神经肌肉系统高效维持静态姿势和以最佳模式完成动态动作的能力,解剖结构、生物力学特性及生理功能是维持肌力平衡的内在机制;2)肌力平衡是高效完成动作控制的关键,肌力失衡是动作模式受损的诱因;3)运用等速肌力、力量及跳跃动作测试评估肌力平衡可以预测损伤风险;4)通过单侧力量训练、快速伸缩复合训练及核心区训练可有效改善运动中的肌力平衡。亟待探究不同项目运动员肌力平衡与运动损伤、动作模式及不同运动能力之间的关系,特别是基于肌力平衡探究特定运动技术的肌肉工作机制,挖掘肌力平衡的应用价值。Muscle strength balance is a key factor affecting performance.Combing related researches on muscle strength balance,summarizing the concept and connotation of muscle strength balance,exploring its internal mechanism from the perspective of motor control,and exploring its application in sports injury detection and physical training.Conclusions:1)Muscle strength balance is the ability of the neuromuscular system to efficiently maintain the static posture and complete the dynamic movement in the best mode in order to adapt to internal and external stimuli.Anatomical structure,biomechanical characteristics and physiological functions are the internal mechanisms to maintain muscle strength balance.2)Muscle strength balance is the key to efficient movement control,and muscle strength imbalance is the cause of impaired motor pattern.3)Using isokinetic muscle strength,strength and jumping movements tests to evaluate muscle strength balance is an important basis to predict injury risk.4)Unilateral strength training,plyometric training,and core training can effectively improve muscle strength balance.It is urgent to explore the relationship between muscle strength balance and sports injury,movement patterns and different sports abilities of athletes in different events,especially to explore the muscle working mechanism behind specific sports techniques based on muscle strength balance,in order to better explore the application value of muscle strength balance.

关 键 词：肌力平衡 动作模式 肢体间平衡 肢体间不对称 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]