欧洲CCUS技术发展现状及对我国的启示  

Development status of CCUS technology in Europe and the enlightenment to China

作　　者：甘满光 张力为 李小春[1,2] 李琦 陆诗建[3,4] GAN Manguang;ZHANG Liwei;LI Xiaochun;LI Qi;LU Shijian(State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Eqgineeing,Instinte ofRock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuban 430071,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Bejing 100049,China;Carbon Neutality Institute,China Uuiversity of Mining and Techmology,Xuzbou 221008,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenbouse Gas Control and Utilization,China University of Mining and Techmology.Xuzhou 221008,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430071 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国矿业大学碳中和研究院,江苏徐州221008 [4]中国矿业大学江苏省煤基温室气体减排与资源化利用重点实验室,江苏徐州221008

出　　处：《热力发电》2023年第4期1-13,共13页Thermal Power Generation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目:政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项(2019YFE0100100)。

摘　　要：在欧盟提出2050年实现碳中和愿景的大背景下,碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)技术作为实现碳减排目标的关键技术手段,在欧洲迎来了重大发展机遇。汇总并讨论了欧洲的CCUS技术发展现状,包括资金激励政策、碳税政策、法律法规和技术创新政策;总结了欧洲发展CCUS技术主要面临的挑战,包括公共资金的落实、CCUS政策体系的发展以及CCUS项目责任的界定等。研究指出:欧洲的CCUS技术发展较成熟,相关法律法规、资金激励、税收扶持政策和技术创新政策等比较完善;生物质能结合碳捕集与封存(BECCS)和直接空气碳捕集与封存(DACCS)是欧洲未来实现CO_(2)负排放的重要手段,CO_(2)工业集群和运输网络的开发可以大幅减小CO_(2)的运输费用,形成规模化效应,从而增大CCUS的适用范围。我国于2020年提出2030年实现碳达峰、2060年前实现碳中和的“双碳”战略目标,借鉴欧洲CCUS的发展现状和相关政策,结合我国的基本国情,提出了我国目前发展CCUS技术亟需解决的若干问题,并给出相应建议。In the context of Europe’s vision of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, carbon capture, utilization and storage(CCUS) technology, as an important means to achieve carbon emission reduction goals, has embraced a major development opportunity. This paper summarizes the development status of CCUS in Europe, including the financial incentive policies, carbon tax and policies, laws and regulations, and technology innovation policy for the development of CCUS technology in Europe, and the challenges in the process of developing CCUS technology in Europe, including the implementation of public funds, the comprehensive development of CCUS policies, and clear definition of responsibilities for CCUS projects. It points out that up to now, the development of CCUS technology in Europe is relatively mature. Relevant laws and regulations, financial incentives, tax support policies, and technology innovation policies have come into effect. Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage(BECCS) and direct air capture with carbon storage(DACCS) are important means to achieve negative emissions in the future.CO_(2)industrial clusters and the development of transportation network can greatly reduce the transportation cost of CO_(2), create profits at scale, and thus promote the application of CCUS. In 2020, China made the pledge to achieve carbon peaking by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Combining the development status and relevant policies of European CCUS with basic national conditions of China, it puts forward the urgent need for current development of CCUS technology in China, and the problems that need to be solved.

关 键 词：欧洲 碳减排 CCUS 碳中和 工业集群 运输网络 

分 类 号：X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程]