公开数据集合法律保护的客体要件  

The Eligibility Requirements for Legal Protection of Publicly Accessible Dataset

作　　者：崔国斌[1] Cui Guobin

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（民商法学）》2022年第11期19-45,共27页Civil and Commercial Law

摘　　要：内容公开的数据集合满足何种条件才能获得法律保护,依然是一个悬而未决的问题。这里假定立法者将来会选择特殊产权模式来保护此类数据集合并且仅仅赋予收集者有限排他权(公开传播权)。在此类立法下,受保护的数据集合应满足如下客体要件:第一,数据集合的条目处于公开状态;第二,具有实质量的数据条目;第三,收集者付出实质性的收集成本。除此之外,该立法无需考虑数据收集行为的合法性、数据的时间敏感性、收集者是否采取技术措施等因素。通过上述三项客体要件,特殊产权立法能够与现有的商业秘密保护机制和著作权法有效衔接,并与美国式的热点新闻规则和欧盟式的数据保护模式相区别,实现不同的立法目的,有效平衡数据收集者、竞争者和公众的利益。The eligiblity requirements for legal protection of publicly accessible datasets are still unclear under Chinese law.This article proceeds on the assumption that Chinese legislators are likely to choose special legislation of a property rights regime to protect publicly accessible datasets.Under such legislation,data collectors would be granted limited exclusive rights(right of public communication).It is argued that there should be three principal eligibility requirements in relation to such datasets,namely:the data entries in a dataset are made public;it contains a substantial number of data entries;and,it reflects a substantial collection cost to the collector.Through these elements,the special property rights legislation can be connected consistently with the existing trade secret protection system and copyright law.It can be distinguished from the US-style hot news doctrine and EU-style database directive to achieve different legislative purposes and effectively balance the interests of data collectors,competitors,and the public.

关 键 词：公开数据集合 财产权 反不正当竞争 著作权 商业秘密 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]