安吉县狂犬病暴露人群特征分析  

Characteristics of populations exposed to rabies in Anji County

作　　者：吴雪[1] 郑立浩 阚绪伟 孙继民[2] WU Xue;ZHENG Lihao;KAN Xuwei;SUN Jimin(Anji Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Anji,Zhejiang 313300,China;Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310051,China)

机构地区：[1]安吉县疾病预防控制中心,浙江安吉313300 [2]浙江省疾病预防控制中心,浙江杭州310051

出　　处：《预防医学》2023年第4期327-330,共4页CHINA PREVENTIVE MEDICINE JOURNAL

摘　　要：目的了解2017—2021年浙江省安吉县狂犬病暴露人群特征,为安吉县狂犬病防控提供依据。方法收集2017—2021年安吉县犬伤门诊上报的《湖州市狂犬病暴露人群月报表》和《一犬伤多人事件调查表》,描述性分析狂犬病暴露人群的致伤动物类型、暴露时间、暴露等级、暴露部位和暴露后处置情况。结果2017—2021年安吉县犬伤门诊报告狂犬病暴露就诊者46186例,暴露率呈下降趋势(Z=-23.249,P<0.001),年均暴露率为1739.59/10万。7—8月为暴露高峰,10066例占21.79%。以犬致伤为主,31732例占68.70%,暴露率呈下降趋势(Z=-35.541,P<0.001);猫致伤11350例,占24.57%,暴露率呈上升趋势(Z=14.834,P<0.001)。主要暴露部位为下肢,22364例占48.42%。Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级暴露分别占72.85%和25.23%,Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级暴露率均呈下降趋势(Z=-14.522、-21.820,均P<0.001)。Ⅲ级暴露人群狂犬病免疫球蛋白使用率为25.72%,呈上升趋势(Z=6.636,P<0.001)。结论2017—2021年安吉县狂犬病暴露率呈下降趋势,以犬致伤为主,猫致伤暴露率呈上升趋势。Ⅲ级暴露人群狂犬病免疫球蛋白使用率尚需提高。Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of rabies-exposed populations in Anji County,Zhejiang Province from 2017 to 2021,so as to provide insights into rabies control in the county.Methods All data pertaining to rabies were captured from Monthly Report of Rabies-exposed Populations in Huzhou City and Investigation Form of Multiple Dog Injuries reported by dog injury clinics in Anji County from 2017 to 2021,and the species of ani⁃mals causing dog injuries,duration,degree and site of exposure,and post-exposure treatment of rabies-exposed popula⁃tions were descriptively analyzed.Results Totally 46186 cases with rabies exposure were reported in dog injury clin⁃ics in Anji County from 2017 to 2021,and the rate of exposure appeared a tendency towards a decline year by year(Z=-23.249,P<0.001),with an annual mean exposure rate of 1739.59/105.The number of cases with exposure to ra⁃bies peaked in July and August(10066 cases,21.79%).Dogs were predominant animals causing injuries(31732 cas⁃es,68.70%),and the rate of exposure to dog bites appeared a tendency towards a decline year by year(Z=-35.541,P<0.001).There were 11350 cases with cat-causing injuries(24.57%),and the rate of exposure to cat bites appeared a tendency towards a rise(Z=14.834,P<0.001).Lower extremity was the main site of exposure(22364 cases,48.42%),and the proportions of gradeⅡandⅢexposure to rabies were 72.85%and 25.23%,the rates of exposure both ap⁃peared a tendency towards a decline(Z=-14.522,P<0.001;Z=-21.820,P<0.001).The proportion of using human ra⁃bies immune globulin was 25.72%among populations with gradeⅢexposure,which appeared a tendency towards a rise(Z=6.636,P<0.001).Conclusions The rate of exposure to rabies appeared a tendency towards a decline in Anji County from 2017 to 2021.Dogs were predominant animals causing injuries,and the rate of cat bites appeared a tendency towards a rise from 2017 to 2021;however,the proportion of using human rabies immune globulin remains to be improved among populations w

关 键 词：狂犬病 犬伤门诊 暴露人群 狂犬病免疫球蛋白 

分 类 号：R373.9[医药卫生—病原生物学]