《回回馆杂字》波汉对音方法及其存在的问题  

The Persian-Chinese Phonetic Transcription Method of Huihuiguan Zazi and i ts Problems

作　　者：马君花 MA Jun-hua(School of Literature and Journalism,North Minzu University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]北方民族大学文学与新闻传播学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《北方民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期112-119,共8页Journal of North Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“明代波汉对音与小儿锦语音研究”(14BYY100)。

摘　　要：利用对音法重建汉语语音史,是汉语音韵学研究领域的重要理论与方法。明代永乐年间四夷馆的《回回馆杂字》基于实际语言交际需要而编写,其汉字音是对当时活语言的真实描写,反映了明代前期官话口语音的特点。这项波汉对音资料的对音方法主要有音节对音节、音节对音素两种情况,不同译音人的对音方法有所不同。由于波汉两种语言在辅音、元音、音节诸多方面存在差异,因而对音过程中存在相似语音替代、同一个汉字译写不同的音、译音用字不固定等问题。根据波汉对音考订明代汉语语音特点,要充分考虑两种语言的音系差异及其语音对应关系严整与否,还要考虑译音人的口音与译音习惯等。It is one of the important theories and methods in the field of Chinese phonology to reconstruct the history of Chinese phonology by using phonetic transcription.Huihuiguan Zazi,which was compiled by Si-yi-guan during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty,is a first-hand materials of Persian and Chinese phonetic transcriptions,written based on the actual language communication needs at that time.The Chinese character pronunciation is a true description of the living language at that time,reflecting the characteristics of the pronunciation of the mandarin accent in the early Ming Dynasty.There are two kinds of pronunciation methods in this Persian-Chinese phonetic transcription:syllable-to-syllable and syllable-to-phoneme.Different translators have different pronunciation methods.Due to the differences in consonants,vowels and syllables between Persian and Chinese,the following problems exist in the phonetic transcription process,that is,similar pronunciation replacement,the same Chinese character is often translated into different sounds,and the translated word is not fixed.According to the characteristics of Chinese phonetics in Ming Dynasty,we should fully consider the phonological difference between the two languages and whether the phonetic correspondence is strict or not,and also consider the translator’s accent and pronunciation habit.

关 键 词：对音方法 音韵学 汉语语音史 

分 类 号：H114[语言文字—汉语]