镁、硼、氯肥配施土壤调理剂对烤烟光合特性及产质量的影响  

Effects of magnesium,boron and chlorine fertilizers combined with soil conditioner on photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：张晓伟 李鹏飞[2] 邱学礼[3] 余小芬[3] 徐天养[2] 杨树明[3] 成龙 ZHANG Xiao-wei;LI Peng-fei;QIU Xue-li;YU Xiao-fen;XU Tian-yang;YANG Shu-ming;CHENG Long(Yunnan Tobacco Quality Inspection&Supervision Station,Kunming 650106,China;Wenshan Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Wenshan,Yunnan 663099,China;Agricultural Resources&Environment Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Yunnan Gaoyijiang Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Malipo,Yunnan 663000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省烟草质量监督检测站,昆明650106 [2]云南省烟草公司文山州公司,云南文山663099 [3]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205 [4]云南高意匠科技有限公司,云南麻栗坡663000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第2期314-320,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学地区基金项目(31660358);中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目(2021530000241034、2020530000242021)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨镁、硼、氯肥配施钾长石土壤调理剂对烤烟的效应,为文山烤烟生产配方施肥和化肥减量提供技术支撑。【方法】以烤烟品种云烟97为材料,在文山喀斯特烟区红壤上,采用L_(9)(3^(4))正交大田试验,研究镁、硼、氯肥配施钾长石土壤调理剂对烤烟土壤、营养生长、光合特性及产质量的影响。【结果】与T1(CK)相比,根区施用镁、硼、氯肥及钾长石土壤调理剂均不同程度提升了土壤pH,提高了有机质、水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效硼和水溶性氯含量,其中以处理T4、T5和T8较优;同时可显著提高烤烟叶片净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i)),显著降低速率(T_(r)),以处理T5、T8效果较优;而且可促进烤烟生长发育,提高烟叶上等烟比例、产量和产值,其中处理T5、T8产值较T1(CK)分别显著提高15.01%、21.36%。与T1(CK)相比,各处理对中部烟叶总糖、还原糖、总氮、烟碱、氧化钾、水溶性氯、钙、镁和硼均有一定改善作用,尤以处理T2、T5、T8烟叶化学成分协调性最好。【结论】在文山喀斯特烤烟栽培区,组合施用硫酸镁150 kg/hm^(2),硼砂15~30 kg/hm^(2)、氯化钾60~90 kg/hm^(2)及钾长石土壤调理剂600~900 kg/hm^(2),能改善土壤pH和土壤主要有效态养分含量,可提升烤烟光合作用,促进生长发育,提高经济效益,改善烟叶化学成分协调性,具有良好的推广潜力。【Objective】The present research aimed to investigate effects of magnesium(Mg),boron(B)and chlorine(Cl)fertilizers com-bined with potassium feldspar soil conditioner(PFC)on flue-cured tobacco production in Wenshan,in order to provide technical support for formula fertilization and fertilizer reduction.【Method】Using flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 97 as material,a L_(9)(3^(4))orthogonal field ex-periment was conducted to investigate the effects of Mg,B and Cl combined with PFC on soil,vegetative growth,photosynthetic characteris-tics,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.【Result】Compared with T1(CK),application of Mg,B and Cl combined with PFC increased soil pH,and contents of organic matter,hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable calcium,exchangea-ble magnesium,available boron and water-soluble chlorine,especially in T4,T5 and T8 treatments with good effect.Meanwhile,net photo-synthetic rate(P_(n)),stomatal conductance(G_(s))and intercellular CO_(2)concentration(C_(i))were significantly enhanced,whereas transpira-tion rate(T_(r)),particularly in T5 and T8 treatments were reduced.The results also showed that increases of plants in growth and develop-ment,proportion of superior tobacco,yield and output values of flue-cured tobacco,especially,the output values in T5 and T8 treatments were significantly increased by 15.01%and 21.36%,respectively.Furthermore,all treatments had certain improvement effect on total sug-ar,reducing sugar,total nitrogen,nicotine,potassium oxide,water-soluble chlorine,calcium,magnesium and boron in middle tobacco leaves compared with the control,especially in T2,T5 and T8 treatments with significant chemical composition coordination.【Conclusion】A optimum formula using magnesium sulfate 150 kg/hm^(2),anbydrous borax 15-30 kg/hm^(2),potassium chloride 60-90 kg/hm^(2),potassium feldspar soil conditioners 600-900 kg/hm^(2),could efficiently promote soil p H,available nutrient,photosynthesis,growth and development,economic benefits,coordinatio

关 键 词：烤烟 中微肥 钾长石土壤调理剂 光合特性 品质 

分 类 号：P618[天文地球—矿床学]