有机肥配施比例对植烟土壤供氮能力和温室气体排放的影响  

Effect of different combined application rates of organic fertilizer on nitrogen supply capacity and greenhouse gas emission of tobacco-growing soil

作　　者：彭玉龙 万军 芶剑渝 王慎强[2] 李青山 PENG Yu-long;WAN Jun;GOU Jian-yu;WANG Shen-qiang;LI Qing-shan(Zunyi Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company,Zunyi,Guizhou 563000;National Key Laboratory of Soil and Agricultural Sustainable Development/Nanjing Institute of Soil Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;School of Environment and Re-sources,Anqing Normal University,Anqing,Anhui 246133,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司,贵州遵义563000 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所/土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京210008 [3]安庆师范大学资源环境学院,安徽安庆246133

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第2期374-385,共12页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目(2022MX19);安庆师范大学博士科研启动基金项目(211004)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究化肥配施有机肥及不同配施比例对植烟土壤的供氮能力及对温室气体排放的影响,为提高烟叶产量和质量及调整和优化烤烟施肥措施提供科学指导。【方法】以菜籽饼(RC)、猪粪(PM)、炭基有机肥(BOF)和花生秸秆(PS)等氮替代30%和50%化肥;通过盆栽试验,比较各施肥处理间烤烟农艺性状、生物量、土壤矿质氮含量、土壤有机碳含量、温室气体排放等方面的差异。【结果】与施用化肥(对照)处理相比,除配施炭基有机肥(BOF)处理外,其他配施有机肥处理土壤矿质氮含量均降低,降幅团棵期为22.9%~57.8%、旺长期为4.97%~66.04%、现蕾期为25.59%~83.82%、成熟期为33.58%~68.90%;除配施花生秸秆(PS)处理外,各有机肥配施处理烤烟根、茎、叶生物量无显著变化;CO_(2)排放量仅配施猪粪(PM)和花生秸秆(MS)处理显著增加,增幅分别为23.74%~33.40%和61.75%~87.54%;各有机肥配施比例为50%的N_(2)O排放量均显著增加,为7.73~21.89倍;各有机肥配施处理土壤全氮含量和有机碳含量均增加,增幅分别为1.56%~20.68%和2.77%~16.63%;土壤C/N比配施菜籽饼(RC)处理显著降低、花生秸秆(PS)显著增加、猪粪(PM)和炭基有机肥(BOF)无显著影响。【结论】从植烟土壤供氮能力、烟株生物量、N_(2)O排放量方面考虑,烤烟种植有机肥宜选用炭基有机肥,配施比例30%左右,不宜高于50%;为维持植烟土壤碳氮平衡,低C/N比菜籽饼(RC)和高C/N比花生秸秆(PS)不宜单独及连续配施。【Objective】The effect of different combined application rates of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on nitrogen supply capacity and greenhouse gas emission of tobacco-growing soil is explored,which provides scientific guide for improvement of yield and quality of to-bacco leaves,adjustment and perfection of fertilization method.【Method】Rapeseed cake(RC),pig manure(PM),carbon-based organic fertilizer(BOF)and peanut straw(PS)were selected as the test organic materials,and the nitrogen substitution ratio of chemical fertilizers was set at two levels,30%and 50%respectively.Through the pot experiment,the differences in agronomic characteristics,biomass,soil mineral nitrogen content,soil organic carbon content,greenhouse gas emissions of flue-cured tobacco between treatments were compared.【Result】Compared with chemical fertilizer treatment(CK),except for BOF treatment,other combined organic fertilizer treatments all re-duced the mineral nitrogen content of the soil by 22.9%-57.84%(resettling growth stage),4.97%-66.04%(prosperous growth peri-od),25.59%-83.82%(budding period),33.58%-68.90%(mature period).Except for peanut straw treatment,other organic fertil-izer treatments did not significantly reduce the biomass of flue-cured tobacco roots,stems and leaves.Only the combined application of pig manure and peanut straw treatment significantly increased CO_(2)emissions by 23.74%-33.40%and 61.75%-87.54%respectively.Only when the proportion of organic materials was 50%,the N_(2)O emission was significantly increased,and the increase was 7.73-21.89 times.The combined application of organic materials increased the total nitrogen content of the soil by 1.56%-20.68%,and also signifi-cantly increased the total soil carbon content by 2.77%-16.63%.Rapeseed cake treatment significantly reduced soil C/N ratio,while pea-nut straw treatment significantly increased soil C/N ratio,but pig manure and carbon-based organic fertilizer treatment had no significant effect on soil C/N ratio.【Conclusion】Comprehensive comp

关 键 词：烤烟 化肥有机肥配施 矿质氮 碳氮比 温室气体排放 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]