苦瓜全雌性状的遗传规律及其硝酸银诱雄效应  

Genetic rules of gynoecious and their male induced effect of silver nitrate in bitter gourd

作　　者：陈小凤[1] 黄玉辉[1] 冯诚诚[1] 黄熊娟[1] 梁家作[1] 琚茜茜[1] 刘杏连[1] 黄如葵[1] CHEN Xiao-feng;HUANG Yu-hui;FENG Cheng-cheng;HUANG Xiong-juan;LIANG Jia-zuo;JU Xi-xi;LIU Xing-lian;HUANG Ru-kui(Vegetable Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Vegetable Breeding and New Technolo-gy Development,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院蔬菜研究所/广西蔬菜育种与新技术研究重点实验室,南宁530007

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第2期396-401,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB18216001);广西自然科学基金项目(2018GXNSFAA281140,2018GXNSFBA294002,2018GXNS FAA281154,2019GXNSFBA245047)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确苦瓜全雌性状的遗传规律和诱雄效应,为高效繁育苦瓜全雌系提供参考依据。【方法】以苦瓜全雌材料MC39-4-5为母本,分别与弱雌材料MC6-1-12、中等雌性材料MC6、强雌材料MC39和超强雌材料MC9进行杂交,调查其F_(1)、F_(2)、BCP_(1)和BCP_(2)等世代的花型分化情况,以卡平方(χ^(2))进行遗传规律分析;硝酸银(AgNO_(3))处理后,从花型分化方面比较雌雄同株和全雌株的诱雄效果,并进行两性花花粉和柱头育性检验;进一步从节间长度、茎粗、两性花分化用时和数量上比较全雌系在4叶1心期和成株期的诱雄效应。【结果】MC39-4-5分别与MC6-1-12、MC6、MC9和MC39进行杂交,其F2和BCP1代分离的均符合3∶1和1∶1孟德尔遗传规律。与AgNO_(3)诱雄前相比,诱雄后MC6、MC9和MC39的雄花分化无显著差异(P>0.05,下同);诱雄后MC6无两性花分化,MC9和MC39有少量两性花分化,分别为每枝2.3和0.3朵,而MC39-4-5仅分化两性花。两性花花粉具有育性,柱头无育性。在4叶1心期,诱雄处理和对照(CK)的节间长度分别为9.92和7.85 cm,茎粗分别为0.36和0.26 cm,均存在极显著差异(P<0.01,下同);在成株期,诱雄处理与CK在节间长度和茎粗上均无显著差异;在4叶1心期和成株期,第1朵两性花开放所需时间分别为24.3和13.6 d,两性花数量分别为10.0和19.3朵,二者间差异极显著(P<0.01)。【结论】苦瓜全雌株由1个隐性单基因控制;AgNO_(3)对诱导苦瓜雄花分化无促进作用,诱导全雌株仅分化两性花;两性花花粉具有育性,柱头无育性;全雌系成株期的诱雄效应显著优于4叶1心期。因此,繁育苦瓜全雌系时应在成株期进行AgNO_(3)诱雄。【Objective】The genetic rules and male induced effect of gynoecious were analyzed in order to provide a reference for the breeding gynoecious lines in bitter gourd(Momoridca charantia L.).【Method】Gynoecious line MC39-4-5 and weak pistillate line MC6-1-12,medium pistillate line MC6,strong pistillate line MC39,super strong pistillate line MC9 were crossed in the study.Differentiation of flowers type were counted in F_(1),F_(2),BCP_(1),BCP_(2) generations,and qualitative genetics was analysed by Chi square test(χ^(2)).Effect of Ag NO_(3)on flower type dif-ferentiation of monoecious plant and gynoecious were compared,and fertility of bisexual flower pollen and stigma were tested in bitter gourd.At stage with four leaves and one growth point(SWFLAOGP)and mature stage(MS),the male induction effect was compared in the internode length(IL),stem diameter(SD),differentiation time and number of bisexual flower.【Result】MC39-4-5 was corossed with MC6-1-12,MC6,MC9 and MC39.The separation of F2and BCP 1 were consistent with the segregation ratio of 3∶1 and 1∶1,which conformed to Mendelian genetic law.Compared with before male induction by Ag NO_(3),there was no significant difference in male flower differentiation of MC6,MC9 and MC39 after male induction(P>0.05,the same as below).After male inducting,there was no differentiation of bisexual flower in MC6,there was differentiation of a small amount of bisexual flower in MC9,MC39,there was only differentiation of bisexual flower in MC39-4-5.The pollen of bisexual flower was fertility and the stigma was sterile.At SWFLAOGP,the IL of male induction was 9.92 cm,IL of control(CK)was 7.85 cm,the SD of male induction was 0.36 cm,SD of CK was 0.26 cm.So the differences of IL and SD were extremely significant between CK and male induction(P<0.01,the same as below).But at MS,the differences of IL and SD were not significant be-tween CK and male induction.The time required for the first opening flower and the number of bisexual flower were 24.3 and 13.6 days at SWFLAOGP,the

关 键 词：苦瓜 全雌性 遗传规律 硝酸银(AgNO3) 诱雄效应 

分 类 号：S642.5[农业科学—蔬菜学]