波浪作用下方块石护面稳定性研究  

Study on stability of block stones armour layer under wave action

作　　者：琚烈红[1] 乔光全[2] 黄哲 杨氾[1] 麦权想 JU Liehong;QIAO Guangquan;HUANG Zhe;YANG Fan;MAI Quanxiang(River and Harbor Engineering Department,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210024,China;CCCC-FHDI Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510230,China;Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Authority,Zhuhai 519060,China)

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院河流海岸研究所,江苏南京210024 [2]中交第四航务工程勘察设计院有限公司,广东广州510230 [3]港珠澳大桥管理局,广东珠海519060

出　　处：《海洋工程》2023年第2期119-131,共13页The Ocean Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(Gz219008);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(Y221007)。

摘　　要：护面是海堤和护岸的重要结构,直接抵御波浪作用,可采用人工块体、块石等,种类繁多。采用紧密排列方块石作为护面结构是一种景观性较好的型式,依据方块石厚度不同能抵御不同大小的波浪作用。干砌条石及干砌块石护面曾有一些规范给出过计算方法,但现行规范没有相关内容可供设计参考,已有计算方法的理论分析还存在不足。当波浪与斜坡堤相互作用时,方块石护面出现位移或脱落可能发生在波浪回落最低阶段、波浪破碎打击阶段及破后爬高水流作用阶段,通过研究得到了不同阶段波浪对方块石护面作用力的计算方法。在波浪回落最低阶段,考虑了护面及其下方垫层渗透性影响,通过理论分析建立了低渗透护面浮托压强计算模型,采用物模试验将计算结果与试验测量值进行了对比分析,结果表明总体趋势符合,量值接近;在波浪破碎冲击阶段,基于射流冲击作用原理,提出了波浪在斜坡面破碎冲击压强计算方法,通过试验分析了波浪破碎水深波高比与破波相似参数的关系,利用浅水波理论计算了波浪破碎冲击水流流速;在爬高水流作用阶段,提出了水流引起的方块石护面垂直浮托力及水平拖曳力的计算方法,通过试验结果拟合了浮托力系数和拖曳力系数,验证了水流作用下护面的受力特征。最后,针对方块石护面实际工程应用,采用该方法对不同阶段的波浪作用压强进行了计算,分析了稳定性;该实际工程的物模试验表明,方块石护面在波浪作用下试验现象与稳定性计算分析定性结论符合。文中提出有关方块石护面稳定性的计算方法可供类似工程参考。As an important structure of sea-dike and revetment,armour layer can directly resist wave action,and can be made of artificial blocks,rock,etc.It is a better landscape type to use closely arranged block stones as the armour layer,which can resist the action of different heights of waves according to the thickness of the block stone.Some codes have provided calculation methods for dry-laid strip stone and dry-block stone armour layer,but the current code has no relevant content for design,and the theoretical analysis of existing calculation methods is still insufficient.When waves interact on the sloping breakwater,the moving or falling off of the block stones armor may occur in the stage of wave falling back to the lowest level,the stage of wave breaking and hitting,and the stage of wave climbing after breaking.This research has obtained the calculation method of the pressure acting on the block stones armor in different stages of wave action.At the lowest stage of wave falling,considering the influence of the permeability of the armor and its underlayer,a calculation model for the uplift pressure of the low permeability armor is established through theoretical analysis.The physical model test is used to compare the calculation results with the test measurement values.The results show that the overall trend is consistent and the values are close;in the stage of wave breaking and impact,based on the principle of jet impact,a calculation method of wave breaking and impact pressure on the slope is proposed.The relationship between the wave breaking depth and wave height ratio and the similar parameters of wave breaking is analyzed through experiments.The velocity of wave breaking and impact water is calculated using shallow water wave theory.In the stage of climbing water flow,the calculation method of the vertical uplift force and horizontal drag force of the rubble armor caused by water flow is proposed.The uplift force coefficient and drag force coefficient are fitted through tests,and the force characteristics o

关 键 词：波浪作用 方块石护面 护面 稳定性 斜坡堤 波浪破碎 

分 类 号：TV139.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] U656.2[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]