10~50MHz地基低频射电天文数字接收机及上位机软件研制  

Development of 10~50 MHz ground based low frequency radio astronomical digital receiver and PC software

作　　者：许丙强 白宇[1] 路光[1] 平劲松[2,3] 王明远 杨文军[4] 王震 严发宝 XU BingQiang;BAI Yu;LU Guang;PING JingSong;WANG MingYuan;YANG WenJun;WANG Zhen;YAN FaBao(Laboratory for Electromagnetic Detection,School of Space Science and Physics,Shandong University,Weihai Shandong 264209,China;Joint Laboratory for Radio Astronomy Technology,National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;School of Astronomy and Space Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830046,China;School of Mechanical,Electrical&Information Engineering,Shandong University,Weihai Shandong 264209,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学空间科学研究院空间电磁探测技术实验室,山东威海264209 [2]中国科学院国家天文台射电部,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学空间与天文学院,北京100101 [4]中国科学院新疆天文台,乌鲁木齐830046 [5]山东大学机电与信息工程学院,山东威海264209

出　　处：《地球物理学报》2023年第3期891-904,共14页Chinese Journal of Geophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41904158,11941003);中科院与荷兰科技组织射电天文国际合作项目(GJHZ1867);嫦娥四号月球着陆探测NCLE载荷专项(2016年);山东大学(威海)青年学者未来计划(20820201005)联合资助。

摘　　要：低频段(<50 MHz)射电观测,是研究射电爆发、恒星形成、宇宙初期状态的重要手段,而我国对该频段相关仪器研究较少.本文从关键器件选型、仿真与设计、接口和通讯、功能模块等方面,对组成地基低频射电观测系统的核心部件——数字接收机与上位机软件进行论述.数字接收机由采集卡和工控机构成,采集卡配置包含AD9265芯片和K7系列现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA).数字接收机探测频率覆盖1~62.5 MHz,接收功率范围-78~-6 dBm,拥有先进的频率分辨率(15.3 kHz)和时间分辨率(0.5~32 ms).为满足射电观测显示与存储需求,研发了具有针对性的上位机软件解决方案.软件支持高速串行计算机扩展总线标准(Peripheral Component Interconnect express, PCIe)数据传输协议,支持实时频谱显示、数据存储和交互操作,具有全频带内强度图显示与图像自动保存功能.自主研制的数字接收机与上位机软件已成功应用于新疆奇台观测站低频(10~50 MHz)射电观测设备,该设备自2021年6月投入运行,捕获多次太阳射电暴事件.将观测结果与澳大利亚Learmonth观测设备对比分析,结果表明,新疆奇台站低频射电观测系统探测精度更为精细、探测频率更低,性能指标位于国际前列.系统后期可开展星-地协同观测,推动我国低频段射电研究.Radio observation in low frequency band(<50 MHz) can be widely used to study the radio burst, star formation and the early evolution of the universe in the astronomical society. However, there is not enough research on the development of new instruments with better performance in this field in China. In this paper, we studied the core module of observing system, i.e. the digital receiver(including key device selection, simulation and design, interface and communication, and functional modules) and host computer software. The digital receiver is composed of acquisition card and industrial computer. The acquisition card is equipped with AD9265 chip and K7 series Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA).The designed system works in the frequency range of 1~62.5 MHz, with a dynamic range of-78 to-6 dBm. The frequency resolution is 15.3 kHz and the time resolution ranges from 0.5 to 32 ms. A software is then developed, which realizes Peripheral Component Interconnect express(PCIe) data transmission protocol, real-time spectrum display, data storage and interactive operation, and storage of full-band quicklook. The independently developed digital receiver and PC software have been successfully applied to low frequency(10~50 MHz) radio observation in Xinjiang Qitai Observation Station since June 2021. Several solar radio bursts have been captured. Compared with Learmonth′s observation, the results show that the detection accuracy of low frequency radio observation system at Qitai station in Xinjiang is better with lower frequency limit and more fine structures. In the future, satellite-ground cooperative observation can be carried out to promote the research of low frequency radio in China.

关 键 词：低频射电 地基观测 数字接收机 太阳射电爆发 

分 类 号：P353[天文地球—空间物理学]