基于优势低频带地震数据的属性融合断层识别方法  

Fault identification method of attribute fusion based on seismic optimized frequency of seismic data

作　　者：陈国飞 石颖[1,2] 杨会东[3] 宋宝权 王维红[1,2] 于波 熊向东[3] CHEN GuoFei;SHI Ying;YANG HuiDong;SONG BaoQuan;WANG WeiHong;YU Bo;XIONG XiangDong(School of Earth Sciences,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing 163318,China;Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Efficient Development Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing 163318,China;Exploration and Development Research Institute of CNPC Daqing Oilfield Co.,Ltd.,Daqing 163712,China)

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学地球科学学院,大庆163318 [2]"陆相页岩油气成藏及高效开发"教育部重点实验室,大庆163318 [3]中国石油大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院,大庆163712

出　　处：《地球物理学报》2023年第3期1232-1243,共12页Chinese Journal of Geophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41930431)资助。

摘　　要：断层是剩余油的重要富存区,地震精细刻画断层对于高效挖潜剩余油具有重要意义.针对传统断层识别方法精度低、不确定性大等问题,提出一种基于“优势”频率数据体的相干-倾角-方位角三属性融合断层识别方法.该方法首先通过匹配追踪频谱分解对地震数据进行分频处理,获取有利于断层刻画的“优势频率”;再以地震“子体”为运算对象,在免受噪声影响的情况下,从优势频率单频数据体中获取相干、倾角和方位角属性;基于HIS(Hue-Intensity-Saturation)变换融合不同属性后,最终实现断层高精度识别.理论模型测试表明,优势频率可以突出断距3 m以上断层反射特征,有效避免岩性边界响应特征干扰断层识别,降低了识别结果的不确定性.该技术应用于L油田,首次发现其优势频率为低频端25 Hz,实现了L油田断裂体系重建,指导该油田发现两个断层剩余油富集区、部署两口沿断面大位移定向井,取得了显著的开发效果.Since faults are commonly significant enrichment region of remaining oil, the elaborate fault characterization is of extreme importance to exploit the remaining oil efficiently. To address the dilemmas of low-accuracy and high-uncertainty in traditional methods of fault characterization, a novel fault identification technique is proposed by fusing diverse seismic attributes from the “optimized” frequency of seismic data, including coherence, inclination, and azimuth. In the proposed method, a “optimized frequency” is confirmed first based on the seismic frequency division by the matching tracking spectrum decomposition technology. Then, three kinds of attributes including coherence, inclination, and azimuth are obtained from the “optimized frequency”. Besides, a novel strategy named “seismic sub-volume” is applied herein to eliminate the noise effect. Finally, the above attributes are fused by the HIS(Hue-Intensity-Saturation) transformation to achieve the final fault characterization. A theoretical model test verifies the “ optimized frequency” cannot only highlight the reflection features of the subtle faults bigger than three meters, but also avoid the effect of lithologic boundary response and reduce the uncertainty of faults characterization. Furthermore, the proposed method is applied in the oilfield L, and achieves the following remarkable results: the fault system of oilfield L is reconstructed based on the novel “ optimized frequency” of 25 Hz;two enrichment areas of remaining oil are detected successfully;two large displacement directional wells along the faults identified by the proposed method are drilled successfully.

关 键 词：优势频率 地震子体 断层识别 频谱分解 HIS融合 剩余油 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]