被动源海底地震仪数据预处理技术构建与应用  

Construction and application of preprocessing technology for passive source ocean bottom seismometer data

作　　者：杨庭威 徐亚[1,2,4] 南方舟 曹丹平 刘丽华[1,2,4] 郝天珧[1,2,4] YANG TingWei;XU Ya;NAN FangZhou;CAO DanPing;LIU LiHua;HAO TianYao(Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Innovation Academy for Earth Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;School of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao 266580,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,中国科学院油气资源研究重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国科学院地球科学研究院,北京100029 [3]中国石油大学(华东),地球科学与技术学院,青岛266580 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《地球物理学报》2023年第2期746-759,共14页Chinese Journal of Geophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42074092,4200606,91858212);中国科学院国际合作局国际伙伴计划“一带一路专项”项目(132A11KYSB20180020);中国科学院青年创新促进会(2016064);中国科学院基础研究领域青年团队稳定支持项目(YSBR-020)联合资助。

摘　　要：被动源海底地震仪(OBS)探测是海洋深部结构研究的重要方法之一.受投放区洋流、海底地形崎岖,以及海底温压环境等多种因素影响,OBS数据预处理面临时钟漂移,姿态及水平方位角偏差等问题.本文基于国产OBS硬件结构特点与其观测数据特性,针对仪器姿态校正、时间校正和水平方位角校正三个关键环节构建技术解决方案.通过硬件架构特征构建仪器姿态校正方案;结合仪器记录的石英晶振特点和背景噪声互相关方法提出时间校正技术;基于最小化P波切向分量能量和P波主成分分析两个技术方法进行水平方位角校正.上述预处理技术体系在苏拉威西海域被动源OBS数据预处理中取得了良好的应用效果,综合背景噪声水平与地震信号的时频分析结果,表明该预处理技术能有效提高被动源OBS观测数据质量,为进一步的科学研究奠定坚实基础.The passive source Ocean Bottom Seismometer(OBS) survey is one of the important methods for the study of deep structure in the oceanic area. Affected by many factors such as ocean current, rugged seafloor, seabed temperature and pressure environment in the deployment area, the OBS data have been facing such problems as uncertainty of attitude, clock drift and horizontal azimuth deviation. Based on the characteristics of domestic OBS hardware and its observation data, this study constructs a preprocessing technology for the three critical data correction steps of instrument attitude, clock time, and horizontal azimuth. The instrument attitude correction scheme is constructed through the characteristics of the hardware design. The time correction technology is proposed from the combination of the characteristics of crystal oscillator and the cross-correlation method of ambient noise. Horizontal azimuth correction is conducted based on two technical approaches: minimization of tangential component of P-wave energy and principal component analysis of P-wave. The above-mentioned preprocessing technology system has achieved excellent results in the data preprocessing of passive source OBS data acquired in the Sulawesi Sea. The results of time-frequency analysis of ambient noise level and seismic signal show that the preprocessing technology can effectively improve the quality of passive source OBS data which could lay a solid foundation for further scientific research.

关 键 词：海底地震仪 时间校正 水平方位角校正 姿态校正 预处理技术 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探] P738[天文地球—地质学]