改革开放前上海手工业经济的演化(1949-1978)  

The Evolution of Shanghai's Handicraft Economy Before Reform and Opening-up,1949-1978

作　　者：严鹏 Yan Peng

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学中国近代史研究所

出　　处：《近代史学刊》2022年第2期3-33,301,共32页Journal of Modern Chinese History

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“中国近现代手工业史及资料整理研究”(项目号:14ZDB047)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：上海是中国近代经济中心,其手工业经济在新中国成立后经历了生产关系与生产力两方面的改造。在计划经济体制下,上海手工业经济丧失了原有的市场关系与要素,其原料供应经常出现短缺,但国家的介入使上海手工业致力于以机械化为内涵的工业化,部分行业逐渐与现代工业趋同。上海手工业部门逐渐发展出电子工业这一新兴工业部门,可以视为上海手工业经济结构性变迁的重要例证。1949—1978年的上海手工业经济演化混杂着结构性变迁、波动性发展、停滞与增长交错的复杂景象。Shanghai was the modern economic center of China.Its handicraft economy had experienced the transformation of production relations and productivity after the founding of the People's Republic of China.Under the planned economic system,Shanghai handicraft industry economy had lost its original market relations and elements,and its raw material supply was often in shortage.However,the intervention of the country had made Shanghai handicraft industry devote itself to industrialization with mechanization as its connotation,and some industries gradually converge with modern industry.The electronic industry was an emerging industrial sector in Shanghai's handicraft industry.Its gradual development can be regarded as an important example of the structural changes of Shanghai's handicraft economy.The economic evolution of Shanghai handicraft industry from 1949 to 1978 was mixed with a complex scene of structural changes,volatile development,stagnation and growth.

关 键 词：手工业 机械化 计划经济 二轻工业 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学]