南京国民政府国营邮政职工生活状况演变  

The Living Situation of the Postmen of the State-owned Post Office during the Nanjing National Government Period

作　　者：何家伟 He Jiawei

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《近代史学刊》2023年第1期105-125,307,共22页Journal of Modern Chinese History

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“南京国民政府国营金融邮电事业人员收入问题研究”(项目号:14CZS107)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：南京国民政府统治时期,国营邮政职工被形容为“捧着镶了金边的饭碗”,名不副实。通过研究可以发现,收入越高的邮工,生活费支出越低,奉养人口数越多,教育、娱乐投入越高,反之亦然。虽比一般工人收入略高,但普通邮政职工生活仍较艰苦,故罢工较频繁。全面抗战期间,邮政职工的生活“严重褪色”;解放战争期间,绝大多数邮政职工的生活可谓“黯淡无光”。分析其原因,战争对邮政经济造成的损失巨大;通货膨胀造成邮政经济入不敷出;国营邮政职工数量增长与收入下降形成反极,恶化了国营邮政职工生活状况。During the reign of the Nanjing National Government,the state-owned postmen were called as holding a“golden bowl”,which was more in name than in reality.It is found that the higher income of the postmen,the lower living expenses,the more people they have to feed,and the higher spend in education and entertainment,and vice versa.Although the income of the postman is slightly higher than common workers,the lives of general postmen are still difficult,so the strikes were frequent.During the all-out War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the lives of postmen were“seriously faded”.During the War of Liberation,the lives of the most of postmen were“gloomy”.The analysis shows that the war caused huge losses to the postal econo-my;the inflation caused the postal economy being unable to make ends meet;the growth of the number of state-owned postmen and the decline of their income formed two different poles,which made the living conditions of the state-owned postmen worse.

关 键 词：南京国民政府 国营邮政职工 生活状况 

分 类 号：F614[经济管理—产业经济]