忒拜称霸与东地中海国际体系的变迁  

The Theban Hegemony and the Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean International System

作　　者：曾紫来 Zeng Zilai

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院

出　　处：《海洋史研究》2023年第1期196-220,共25页Studies of Maritime History

摘　　要：在古代希腊历史上,忒拜①这个城邦地位相当重要。远在希腊神话和史诗之中,忒拜就享有盛名,被称为“七门之城”,著名的“俄狄浦斯王”等故事就以它为背景。此后直至古典时代,忒拜也一直举足轻重。在本文研究的公元前4世纪,在伯罗奔尼撒战争后雅典陷入衰落的大背景下,忒拜在战争中重创了斯巴达,并摧毁了其复兴的基础,一度主导了希腊世界秩序,史称“忒拜称霸”。忒拜称霸之时,正介于伯罗奔尼撒战争结束和马其顿王国成为希腊世界霸主(前404~前338年)之间,是希腊古典时代晚期和古希腊城邦外交史上一个历史转折期。在这一时期中,希波战争后一度极盛的希腊世界逐渐走向衰落,希腊城邦由独立自主沦为被外族统治.Thebes was an important city-state in ancient Greece.In the first half of the 4th century B.C.,after Sparta and Athens,Thebes once dominated the Greek world(371-362 B.C.).Although the Theban Hegemony has only lasted for nearly 10 years and then it was taken over by the power of Macedonia,which was risen in the north,the Theban Hegemony was also an important event in Greek history.Traditionally,researchers tended to search for the historical significance of the Theban Hegemony on the basis of Thebes itself and the Greek world.This article is trying to consider it in the view of the Eastern Mediterranean region,which was a larger international system.The situation in the Eastern Mediterranean before and after the Theban Hegemony has changed greatly.On the eve of the Theban Hegemony,the Eastern Mediterranean world were in the placid surface,but the undercurrent surged behind it.After the end of the Theban Hegemony,Sparta was in decline,Athens was busy calming the civil strife,Persia’s national strength recovered briefly,and Macedonia was in her turning point,in a word,the old order was over,and the era called for the arrival of the builders of the new order.After the end of the Theban Hegemony,Sparta was in decline,Athens was busy calming the civil strife,Persia’s national strength recovered briefly,and Macedonia was in her turning point,in a word,the old order was over,and the era called for the arrival of the builders of the new order.It can be said that the Theban Hegemony on the one hand ended the traditional international system of the Greek world;on the other hand,it only destroyed the old but rebuilt nothing new,which provided Macedonia with the opportunity to rise.In general,although the Theban Hegemony was very short-lived,its impact was very far-reaching.

关 键 词：伯罗奔尼撒战争 希波战争 古典时代 俄狄浦斯王 希腊城邦 古代希腊 马其顿王国 外交史 

分 类 号：K125[历史地理—历史学] D033.1[历史地理—世界史]