机械加工车间机床油雾逸散特征及其捕集控制效果  

Emission characteristics of oil mist and its capture control effect of machine tools in machining workshops

作　　者：王昕[1] 杨璐莹 刘禹宏 王非[1] 周玉璟 姜昕[1] 张运乾 Wang Xin;Yang Luying;Liu Yuhong;Wang Fei;Zhou Yujing;Jiang Xin;Zhang Yunqian(University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai;Chongqing Midea General Refrigeration Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学,上海 [2]重庆美的通用制冷设备有限公司,重庆

出　　处：《暖通空调》2023年第4期178-184,共7页Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning

摘　　要：以8个典型机械加工车间为研究对象,结合生产工艺,分析了其油雾散发特征及控制手段。对车间内油雾浓度进行了连续实测,分析了岗位呼吸区域油雾浓度与生产工艺的关系,并调研了车间通风手段与净化器的油雾控制效果。结果表明:在生产期间,通风对5.0~10.0μm粒径的油雾颗粒去除效果显著,各粒径段的油雾颗粒数量随通风换气次数的变化不明显;位于机床上方的局部排风仍不能保证岗位呼吸区的油雾浓度低于美国国家职业安全与健康研究所(NIOSH)的推荐值;油雾排放源头控制至关重要,净化器能够起到显著效果,但同时也提高了对通风系统的运维管理及成本要求。在对实测数据进行分析时发现,通过密闭机床操作门缝隙向外逸散的油雾不容忽视,其逸散率与机床内外压差及由此形成的缝隙流速是否大于颗粒外溢速度有直接关系,值得深入探讨。This paper taking eight typical machining workshops as research objects,combining with the production processes,analyses the oil mist emission characteristics and control means.The oil mist concentration in the workshop is continuously measured,the relationship between the oil mist concentration in the breathing area of the post and the production process is analysed,and the oil mist control effect of the ventilation means and purifiers in the workshop is investigated.The results show that during production,ventilation has a significant effect on the removal of oil mist particles with a particle size from 5.0 to 10.0μm,and the number of oil mist particles in each particle size section does not change significantly with the air changes per hour,the local exhaust air located above the machine tool still does not ensure that the oil mist concentration in the breathing zone of the post is lower than the recommended value of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH),and source control of oil mist emissions is critical,purifiers can be effective,but at the same time increase the operational and maintenance management and cost requirements of ventilation system.In the analysis of the measured data,it is found that the oil mist escaping outward through the gap of the closed machine tool operation door cannot be ignored,and its escape rate is directly related to the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the machine tool and whether the resulting gap flow rate is greater than the particle spillage rate,which is worth in-depth discussion.

关 键 词：机械加工车间 油雾 浓度 通风 净化 生产工艺 

分 类 号：TH18[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]