外源硅滴施对弱光胁迫下冬小麦生长及生理特性的影响  

Effect of Exogenous Silicon Drip Application on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Winter Wheat under Low Light Stress

作　　者：张永强[1,2] 方辉 陈传信 聂石辉 赛力汗·赛[1,2] 徐其江 陈兴武[1,2] 雷钧杰 ZHANG Yongqiang;FANG Hui;CHEN Chuanxin;NIE Shihui;Sailihan Sai;XU Qijiang;CHEN Xingwu;LEI Junjie(Research Institute of Food Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第2期336-343,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960379,51879267);天山雪松计划(2019XS16);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD020040609);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”人才培养项目;国家小麦产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站(CARS-3)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究外源硅滴施对弱光胁迫下冬小麦生长及生理特性的影响。【方法】于2018~2019年在新疆南疆采用盆栽试验进行,以新冬60号为材料,自冬小麦拔节期至成熟期,用黑色遮阳网进行25%遮阴处理,在冬小麦拔节期设置5个外源硅(Na_(2) SiO_(3)分析纯)滴施量分别为7.5 kg/hm^(2)(Si_(1))、15 kg/hm^(2)(Si_(2))、22.5 kg/hm^(2)(Si_(3))、30 kg/hm^(2)(Si_(4))、37.5 kg/hm^(2)(Si_(5))和清水对照(Si 0)共6个处理,测定不同处理冬小麦植株性状、叶片光合特性及小穗发育和籽粒性状,分析外源硅滴施对弱光胁迫下冬小麦调控效应,并筛选出适宜的外源硅滴施量。【结果】弱光胁迫下,外源硅滴施可以增加冬小麦的株高、茎粗、穗长和叶片SPAD值;改善了叶片光合性能,提高了旗叶的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs);增加了可孕小穗数,降低了不孕小穗数;单茎生物量、穗粒数和穗粒重均明显提高;各指标在Si_(3)处理达到最优。【结论】硅能改善弱光胁迫下冬小麦植株的生长状况,提高光合作用,提高可孕小穗数、穗粒数和穗粒重,以外源硅滴施22.5 kg/hm^(2)时最佳。【Objective】To explore the effect of exogenous silicon drip application on the growth and physiological characteristics of winter wheat under low light stress.【Methods】Pot experiment was conducted in southern Xinjiang from^(2)018 to 2019,and Xindong 60 was used as the experimental material.From jointing stage to mature stage,the winter wheat was shaded by black shading net at 25%.At the jointing stage of winter wheat,five exogenous silicon(Na_(2)SiO_(3)analysis pure)were applied at the drip rates of 7.5 kg/hm^(2)(Si_(1)),15 kg/hm^(2)(Si_(2)),22.5 kg/hm^(2)(Si_(3)),30 kg/hm^(2)(Si_(4))and 37.5 kg/hm^(2)(Si_(5)),respectively.【Results】The results showed that under low light stress,exogenous silicon drip application could increase the SPAD value of plant height,stem diameter,ear length and leaves of winter wheat The photosynthetic performance of leaves and the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr)and stomatal conductance(Gs)of flag leaves were improved.The number of fertile spikelets increased and the number of infertile spikelets decreased.The biomass per stem,grain number per spike and grain weight per spike increased significantly.Each index reached the best in Si_(3) treatment.【Conclusion】Comprehensive analysis shows that silicon can improve the growth of winter wheat plants under low light stress,improve photosynthesis,and increase the number of fertile spikelets,grains per spike and grain weight per spike.Under the experimental conditions,the best application of exogenous silicon is 22.5 kg/hm^(2),which can provide reference for production.

关 键 词：弱光胁迫 硅 冬小麦 生理特性 小穗 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]