努力的意义:基于中国学生成长思维与成就动机的阶层分析  

Hard Working Matters A Social Class Analysis of Growth Mindset and Achievement Motivation among Chinese Students

作　　者：茅云云 周婵 吴胜涛 Mao Yunyun;Zhou Chan;Wu Shengtao

机构地区：[1]厦门大学社会与人类学院 [2]北京体育大学教育学院

出　　处：《中国社会心理学评论》2022年第2期61-78,257,258,共20页Chinese Social Psychological Review

基　　金：厦门大学校长基金(20720221017);国家社科基金一般项目(22BSH094)的资助。

摘　　要：努力奋斗是个体的道德义务,也是低阶层改变命运的道德动力。本研究基于国际学生评估项目(PISA)中国中学生样本(n=12058)及某市大学生群体(n=311),探讨了成长思维——相信人的能力可以后天改变,而非先天固定不变的思维模式——的阶层差异,及其与成就动机的关系。结果发现,低阶层学生成长思维与高阶层学生相当;成长思维对努力信念、掌握目标等成就动机指标具有显著的正向预测效应,且阶层在二者之间起调节作用,即相对于高阶层,低阶层学生成长思维对成就动机的预测效应更大。总之,成长思维有助于提升成就动机,是低阶层学生的重要心理资源,有助于减少成就动机的阶层差异。本研究对打破能力的天资伦、重新定义低阶层努力的道德价值具有重要理论和现实意义,也对教育实践和阶层治理具有重要启发。Growth mindset is a belief that intelligence is not fixed but can be developed,and has been proved to predict academic performance and subjective wellbeing.However,the relationship of growth mindset to achievement motivation among students from different classes has not been well established in the Chinese context.Based on the China sample(n=12,058)of the International Student Assessment Program(PISA)and the university student population in a Chinese city(n=311),the current studies showed that growth mindset positively predicted achievement motivation(e.g.,effort beliefs and master goals)and social class played a moderation role between growth mindset and achievement motivation.Namely,for those from lower(vs.upper)socioeconomic status families,growth mindset had a higher predictive effect on achievement motivation.Taken together,the results demonstrate that growth mindset plays a positive role in promoting achievement motivation among Chinese students,especially those from lower class,shedding light on the educational practice and social governance in China.

关 键 词：成长思维 成就动机 努力信念 掌握目标 社会阶层 

分 类 号：C912.6[经济管理]