枢纽与融合:民国时期拉萨北平商人的经商之道和历史经验  

Hub and Integration:The Way of Doing Business and Historical Experience of Beiping Merchants in Lhasa during the Republic of China

作　　者：何达[1] He Da(School of Tourism and Historical Culture,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu,610041,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学旅游与历史文化学院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《民族学刊》2023年第1期131-139,154,共10页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地四川师范大学巴蜀文化研究中心2022年度资助科研项目(BSYB22-06);四川省哲学社会科学2022年度重大项目“中华民族交往交流交融史料汇编四川卷·中华民国时期”(SC22ZL03);西藏大学中华民族共同体研究基地(西藏自治区铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地)2022年度“西藏铸牢中华民族共同体意识专项研究课题”重点项目“近现代西藏各民族交流交往交融史研究”(2022-TFSCC-03);西南民族大学2021年度“中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金”国家项目培育项目“枢纽人:民国时期内地旅藏商人研究”(2021058)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：民国时期内地在藏商人(如“北平商帮”)以坐商为主,多集中在八廓街,他们走海路从天津港出发,将内地的绸缎、瓷器和玩物等商品运往拉萨售卖,获得了丰厚的利润。这一民国时期在拉萨经商的北平商人群体为了谋求生存,通过诚信经营、抱团发展和因地制宜的经商之道,在边疆地区自主迸发出的各民族之间由接触、互动、熟悉及信任而来的内生动力和交往态度,并不是作为政治统治秩序构建的需要被建立,而是自发形成的。他们在族群之间交往交流交融的动力和方式,对于认知不同的民族文化具有重要意义。这种因商贸活动而自发形成的持续时间长、贸易频率高、涉及人数广、接触方式灵活的多民族之间的互动与接触,对彼此之间所持有的印象和体会更为真实,亦会在相应程度上修正自身对他族印象的既定认识,因而更能审时度势、适时调整因时空间隔和时局变动所造成的族际隔阂。探讨北平商人在民国时期的经商之道和经验价值,可为新时代治边稳藏、构筑各民族共有精神家园和铸牢中华民族共同体意识提供宝贵的历史借鉴与当代启示。Findings show that Beiping(an old name for present Beijing)businesspeople in Lhasa during the Republic of China were mainly sedentary merchants,with most of them concentrated on Bakuo street.They brought silk,porcelain,antiques,and other commodities from inland China to Lhasa for sale,and made huge profits.They usually had a good relationship with Gaxag and nobles in Lhasa,which awarded them a relatively higher social status.Trying to survive,these Beiping merchants in Lhasa ran their businesses in honesty,united for the business development,while trying to adapt to local conditions.Results further indicate that their intrinsic motivation and communication attitude arose from contact,interaction,and familiarity,while bonds of trust with different ethnic groups in border areas were not yet established as a requirement for the construction of a political ruling order,but instead were spontaneously formed.This kind of intuitive multi-ethnic interaction and communication due to commercial activities can give each other a more authentic impression and may correspondingly update their mutual assessments.As a consequence,it can help to timely adjust potential ethnic estrangement caused by the time-space interval and new circumstances.Historical data moreover proves that the fate of this group of merchants was closely linked with the rise and fall of China in modern times.What is more,they pursued national prosperity and national unity,so besides their trade they were also keen on participating in public affairs and the inheritance of traditional Chinese culture.Records also show the relationship between these Beiping businesspeople and the local traders of Lhasa-during the process of their interaction,exchange,and integration-was mostly one of compatibility and complementarity rather than of competition and mutual aversion.It was precisely due to this cooperative relationship,marked by equality and mutual trust,the tradespeople of Lhasa and those of Beiping were able to break through all kinds of subjective and objectiv

关 键 词：中华民族共同体 拉萨北平商人 民族交往交流交融 民国时期 

分 类 号：C952[社会学—民族学]