β-内酰胺类菌渣肥对生菜根际土壤细菌及抗性基因的影响  

Effect ofβ-Lactam-Based Bacterial Residue Fertilizer on Lettuce Rhizosphere Soil Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes

作　　者：石礼虎 吴昊[1] 田书磊[1] 周睫雅 吴宗儒 李潇鼎 吴骞 周秀艳[2] SHI Lihu;WU Hao;TIAN Shulei;ZHOU Jieya;WU Zongru;LI Xiaoding;WU Qian;ZHOU Xiuyan(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;School of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2023年第4期773-782,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

摘　　要：β-内酰胺类菌渣的资源化处理已成为生物制药企业急需解决的问题.为探究β-内酰胺类菌渣资源化产物是否满足《有机肥料》(NY/T 525—2021)标准,施加后是否会对作物根际土壤微生物产生显著影响以及是否会导致ARGs(抗生素抗性基因)的富集等问题,该研究选用经水热干燥喷雾(HT+SD)处理后的头孢菌渣和板框压滤(MD)处理后的青霉素菌渣为研究对象,以空白组、化肥处理组为对照,各施肥处理均采用高施用量(1%)和低施用量(0.5%)两种肥料投加量进行盆栽试验.通过16S rRNA及HT-qPCR方法研究了菌渣肥对生菜根际土壤细菌多样性、物种组成、ARGs以及MGEs(可移动遗传元件)的影响.结果表明:在经过无害化处理后的菌渣中,残留抗生素远低于HPLC-MS检出限(<6.78μg/kg),含水率降低95%,重金属、有机质等指标均能满足《有机肥料》(NY/T 525—2021)要求;相较于施肥量,施肥类型对土壤细菌群落结构的影响更明显,其中,两种菌渣处理组Shannon-Wiener指数显著高于化肥处理组(P<0.05);两种菌渣的施用均没有改变土壤细菌组成,各处理组中最丰富的菌门皆为变形菌门(相对丰度为34.8%~48.1%);高施用量青霉素菌渣组和低施用量头孢菌渣组的ARGs数目和总相对丰度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而低施用量的青霉素菌渣和高施用量的头孢菌素菌渣处理组中ARGs数目和相对丰度与空白对照组均无显著性差异(P>0.05),但两种菌渣的施用都没有改变土壤细菌的抗性机制;ARGs的变化与外源性DNA的引入以及土壤特征菌相关,其中假单胞菌属与mexE、ttgA和ttgB三种ARGs均表现出极强的相关性(相关系数分别为0.93、0.90、0.84).研究显示,经HT+SD和MD技术处理后的抗生素菌渣可以资源化为安全有效的农业替代肥.Innovative treatment ofβ-lactam residues has become a pressing concern for biopharmaceutical firms.This study determined whether resource-based products ofβ-lactam residues meet the standards of Organic Fertilizer(NY/T 525-2021)and whether the application significantly affects crop inter-root soil microorganisms and leads to the enrichment of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs).Cephalosporin residues treated by hydrothermal spray-drying(HT+SD)and penicillin residues treated by multi-plate dryer(MD)were selected for the study.A blank group and fertilizer treatment group served as controls.High fertilizer application rate(1%)and low application rate(0.5%)were used to carry out potting experiments.Using 16S rRNA and HT-qPCR,the effects of mycorrhizal fertilization on lettuce inter-root soil bacterial diversity,species composition,ARGs,and mobile genetic elements(MGEs)were investigated.The results indicated that the residual antibiotics in the harmlessly treatment residue were well below the detection limit of HPLC-MS(<6.78μg/kg),the water content was reduced by 95%,and the indexes of heavy metals and organic matter met the requirements of Organic Fertilizer(NY/T 525-2021).Compared with the amount of fertilizer applied,the effect of fertilizer application type on soil bacterial community structure was more significant,and the Shannon-Wiener indices of both residue treatment groups were significantly higher than those of the chemical fertilizer treatment group(P<0.05).Neither residue affected the bacterial composition of the soil,with Proteobacteria being the most abundant phylum(34.8%-48.1%)in all treatment groups.The number and total relative abundance of ARGs were significantly higher in the HP.The low application rate cephalosporin residue groups were compared to the control group(P<0.05).In contrast,the number and relative abundance of ARGs in the low application rate penicillin residue and HP treatment groups were not significantly different from the blank control group(P>0.05).However,none of the residue appli

关 键 词：抗生素菌渣 有机肥 细菌 抗生素抗性基因 可移动遗传原件 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]