基于仿生学的一体式两相厌氧反应器的运行研究  

Performance of an Integrated Two-Phase Anaerobic Reactor Based on Bionics

作　　者：习佳兴 李名飞[3] 李来庆 傅雪梅 郝鑫 郑明霞 张进忠 XI Jiaxing;LI Mingfei;LI Laiqing;FU Xuemei;HAO Xin;ZHENG Mingxia;ZHANG Jinzhong(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment,College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Institute of Water Ecology and Environment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;School of Arts,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆市农业资源与环境重点实验室,重庆400715 [2]中国环境科学研究院水生态环境研究所,北京100012 [3]南昌大学艺术学院,江西南昌330031

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2023年第4期814-822,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2019YFD1101304)。

摘　　要：反刍动物瘤胃对纤维素类物质具有强大的消化能力,在厌氧发酵领域备受关注.为了增加秸秆等物质的资源化利用途径,本文基于仿生学的原理,设计了一体式两相新型厌氧反应器,并以秸秆、猪粪和河道底泥为底物进行干式共发酵,研究了该反应器的水解酸化和产甲烷性能.结果表明:反应器在1~6 d的产气速率较快,单位体积累积产气量的增长速率为366.87 mL/d,最快产气速率为22.3 mL/(g·d)(以每g挥发性固体每天产生的沼气体积计);发酵过程挥发性固体的产气量为0.13 L/g;发酵过程中pH在7.3~8.2之间变化,pH与挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)浓度整体上呈现相反的变化趋势,说明反应器内未发生氨抑制现象;第1~21天,主反应室产生的溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD)在次反应室中被充分利用,实现了水解过程和水解产物利用过程的分离;厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)是反应器中最丰富的两个菌门,均具有水解和产酸能力.基于瘤胃设计的反应器既具有不同水解程度底物分层和持续吸收VFAs的效果,又有上部水解和产酸、下部产甲烷的一体式两相厌氧发酵效果.研究显示,该反应器可有效延长固体物质的停留时间,提高底物的水解酸化效率,减少反应器内局部酸抑制现象的发生.Lignocellulosic biomass can be effectively digested in animal rumen,which makes rumen-derived anaerobic digestion an attractive strategy.In order to improve the utilization efficiency of straw and other materials,this study designed an integrated two-phase anaerobic reactor based on the principles of bionics,and investigated its hydrolysis acidification and methane-producing capability by feeding straw,pig manure and river sediment as substrates.The results indicated that the biogas production rate in 1-6 d was fast,and the increasing rate of cumulative gas production was 366.87 mL/(L·d).The fastest biogas production rate in this period was 22.3 mL/(g·d)(measured by the volume of biogas produced per gram of volatile solids per day),and the cumulative gas production per gram volatile solid was 0.13 L.The pH value ranged from 7.3 to 8.2,and showed an overall opposite variation trend with the concentration of volatile fatty acids(VFAs),indicating that ammonia inhibition did not occur in the reactor.The soluble chemical oxygen demand(SCOD)produced by main reaction chamber was substantially utilized in secondary reaction chamber in 1-21 d,realizing the separation of hydrolysis process and the utilization process of hydrolysis products.In the reactor,Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the two most abundant bacterial phyla with hydrolysis and acid-production abilities.The reactor not only had the functions of substrate stratification and continuous absorption of VFAs,but also had the upper layer hydrolysis and acid production and lower layer methane production.Therefore,the reactor can effectively extend the solid residence time,improve the hydrolysis and acidification efficiencies,and eliminate partial acid inhibition in the reactor.

关 键 词：仿生学 一体式两相反应器 干发酵 水解酸化 产甲烷性能 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]