低轨卫星姿态控制系统降阶方案研究  

Research on reduced⁃order scheme for attitude control system of low⁃earth orbit satellites

作　　者：杜涵 许文彬 崔琦峰 李红 汤亮 DU Han;XU Wenbin;CUI Qifeng;LI Hong;TANG Liang(Aerospace System Engineering Shanghai,Shanghai 201109,China)

机构地区：[1]上海宇航系统工程研究所,上海201109

出　　处：《电子设计工程》2023年第8期47-51,57,共6页Electronic Design Engineering

摘　　要：近地卫星姿态控制单机故障会影响其任务的开展。针对低轨卫星姿控系统可能出现的单机故障情况,该文提出了姿态控制系统降阶方案,分别针对单飞轮故障、多飞轮故障、敏感器故障等不同场景,对姿态控制系统进行有序降阶,利用现有单机实现一定的姿态控制性能。单飞轮故障时采用轮速过零的三轴轮控方案;多飞轮故障且Y轮正常,或者高精度定姿单机故障时采用偏置稳定控制方案,在星体Y轴方向不能形成偏置时采用姿态控制方案。仿真结果表明,该文提出的针对各种单机故障情形的姿控方案均可较好地完成星体的姿态指向任务,卫星姿态控制系统可在单机出现故障时自主实施降阶方案。该文提出的姿态控制系统降阶方案可用作低轨卫星故障处理预案。To deal with the failure cases of Attitude Control System(ACS)components,in this paper,a low⁃cost attitude control degradation scheme was proposed for low⁃earth orbit satellites.When some components fail to work,the proposed scheme would employ the existing ACS components to achieve a certain attitude control precision and stability.In the case that a single reaction wheel fails to work,the three⁃axis wheel⁃based control scheme would be changed to a wheel⁃based control scheme under weak bias momentum.When star sensors or gyroscopes fail to work,ACS would be degraded to a bias momentum magnetic⁃based one.When the reaction wheel couldn’t generate angular momentum in Y direction,ACS had to be converted to momentum⁃free magnetic⁃based one,which could realize rate damping and sun pointing.Simulation results show that,as to various ACS components failure cases,the proposed attitude control degradation scheme could guarantee the desired pointing precision and stability and the ACS could achieve degradation autonomously.The proposed scheme could be adopted by low⁃earth orbit satellites as the ACS fault countermeasure.

关 键 词：低轨卫星姿态控制 姿态控制单机故障 姿态控制系统降阶方案 姿态控制系统故障预案 

分 类 号：TN713.4[电子电信—电路与系统]