相对论自旋流体力学  

Relativistic spin hydrodynamics

作　　者：浦实 黄旭光[2] Pu Shi;Huang Xu-Guang(Department of Modern Physics,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear Physics,Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application,Ministry of Education,Certer for Particle Physics and Field Theory,Physics Department,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学近代物理系,合肥230026 [2]复旦大学物理学系,粒子物理与场论中心,核物理与离子束应用教育部重点实验室,上海理论核物理中心,上海200433

出　　处：《物理学报》2023年第7期82-97,共16页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(批准号:2022YFA1604900);国家自然科学基金(批准号:12225502,12075061,12147101,12075235,12135011);上海市自然科学基金(批准号:20ZR1404100)资助的课题.

摘　　要：近年来,随着重离子碰撞实验中超子自旋极化与矢量介子自旋排列现象的发现,关于夸克胶子物质中自旋输运的理论研究也得到蓬勃发展,其中包括相对论自旋流体力学,它是描述自旋输运的流体力学理论.本文对相对论自旋流体力学的近期发展进行了综述,主要包括以下内容:(1)相对论自旋流体力学基本方程的推导,包括宏观的唯象学推导、基于有效场论的推导以及基于输运理论的推导;(2)该理论框架的一些特殊性质,包括能动量张量中的反对称结构以及赝规范变换性质等;(3)在Bjorken和Gubser膨胀体系中的解析解及其对于重离子碰撞物理的意义.In recent years,due to the discoveries of hyperon spin polarization and vector meson spin alignment in relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments,the spin transports in quark-gluon matter has received intensive studies.The relativistic spin hydrodynamics is one of the important theoretical frameworks to describe the spin transports,which encodes the spin degree of freedom into a hydrodynamic theory.The relativistic spin hydrodynamics have the conservation equations for energy-momentum tensor,currents and total angular momentum.In this article,we give an overview of the recent progresses of the relativistic spin hydrodynamics.We focus on the following topics:(1)The derivation of the relativistic spin hydrodynamic equations,including the phenomenological approach,the effective theory method,and the kinetic approach,(2)Some special properties of spin hydrodynamics,especially the asymmetric energy-momentum tensor and the pseudogauge transformation,and(3)The analytical solutions to the relativistic spin hydrodynamics for systems under Bjorken and Gubser expansion.

关 键 词：自旋流体力学 超子自旋极化 相对论重离子碰撞 

分 类 号：O35[理学—流体力学] O412.1[理学—力学]