强相互作用自旋-轨道耦合与夸克-胶子等离子体整体极化  

Spin-orbital coupling in strong interaction and global spin polarization

作　　者：高建华 黄旭光[2] 梁作堂 王群[4] 王新年 Gao Jian-Hua;Huang Xu-Guang;Liang Zuo-Tang;Wang Qun;Wang Xin-Nian(Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment,School of Space Science and Physics,Shandong University,Weihai 264209,China;Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear Physics,Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application,Ministry of Education,Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics,Physics Department,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China;Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation,Ministry of Education,Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China;Department of Modern Physics,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Nuclear Science Division,MS 70 R0319,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,Berkeley 94720,USA)

机构地区：[1]山东大学空间科学与物理学院,山东省光学天文与日地空间环境重点实验室,威海264209 [2]复旦大学物理学系,粒子物理与场论中心,核物理与离子束应用教育部重点实验室,理论核物理中心,上海200433 [3]山东大学前沿交叉科学青岛研究院,粒子物理与粒子辐照教育部重点实验室,青岛266237 [4]中国科学技术大学近代物理系,合肥230026 [5]Nuclear Science Division,MS 70 R0319,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,Berkeley 94720,USA

出　　处：《物理学报》2023年第7期109-126,共18页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:11890710,11890713,11890714,12175123,12225502,12075061,12147101,12135011);国家重点研发计划(批准号:2022YFA1604900);上海市自然科学基金(批准号:20ZR1404100);U.S.DOE(批准号:DE-AC02-05CH11231)资助的课题.

摘　　要：在非对心相对论重离子碰撞中,参与反应的原子核物质系统具有巨大的初始轨道角动量,经过强相互作用的自旋-轨道耦合,这一巨大的轨道角动量可以转化为产生的夸克-胶子等离子体的整体极化.整体极化效应在理论上提出后,首先被美国布鲁克海文国家实验室的相对论重离子对撞机上的STAR实验所证实,激发了人们对相关问题的研究,成为重离子碰撞物理研究的一个新方向——重离子碰撞自旋物理.本文简单回顾了整体极化原始基本思想、理论计算体系与主要结果以及近几年的理论进展.In non-central relativistic heavy ion collisions,the colliding nuclear system possesses a huge global orbital angular momentum in the direction opposite to the normal of the reaction plane.Due to the spin-orbit coupling in strong interaction,such a huge orbital angular momentum leads to a global spin polarization of the quark matter system produced in the collision process.The global polarization effect in high energy heavy ion collisions was first predicted theoretically and confirmed by STAR experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider in Brookhaven National Laboratory.The discovery has attracted much attention to the study of spin effects in heavy ion collision and leads to a new direction in high energy heavy ion physics—Spin Physics in Heavy Ion Collisions.In this paper,we briefly review the original ideas,the calculation methods,the main results and recent theoretical developments in last years.First,we present a short discussion of the spin-orbit coupling which is an intrinsic property for a relativistic fermionic quantum system.Then we review how the global orbital angular momentum can be generated in non-central heavy ion collisions and how the global orbital angular momentum can be transferred to the local orbital angular momentum distribution in two limit model---Landan fireball model and Bjorken scaling model.After that,we review how we can describe the scattering process with initial local orbital angular momentum in the formalism of scattering cross section in impact parameter space and how we calculate the polarization of the quarks and antiquarks in quark gluon plasma produced in non-central heavy ion collisions after single or multiple scattering.We also give a brief review on how the global polarization can be predicted from the formalism of relativistic hydrodynamics with the generalized Cooper-Frye formula with spin.Finally,we discuss how the quark's polarization can be transferred to the final hadron's polarization.We focus on the hyperon's polarization and vector meson's spin alignme

关 键 词：自旋-轨道耦合 整体极化 自旋效应 相对论重离子碰撞 

分 类 号：O571.6[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]