4个苹果品种的抗寒性评价  

Cold resistance evaluation of four apple varieties

作　　者：徐功勋 周佳 吕德国[1] 秦嗣军[1] XU Gongxun;ZHOU Jia;LÜDeguo;QIN Sijun(Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province/College of Horticulture,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省果树品质发育与调控重点实验室·沈阳农业大学园艺学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第4期669-679,共11页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代苹果产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-27);辽宁省农业攻关及产业化项目(2020JH2/10200028)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究4个具有亲代遗传关系苹果品种的抗寒性,明确能够反映抗寒性强弱的生理指标,为寒地苹果选育过程中优系快速筛选及抗寒栽培管理提供理论支持。【方法】以长富2号、寒富、东光和龙帅休眠期1年生枝为试材,分别在-15、-20、-25、-30、-35℃低温下处理24 h,并于4℃环境中缓冻24 h,测定膜结构稳定性、活性氧代谢和渗透调节物质生理指标,结合主成分分析综合评价影响苹果品种抗寒性差异的生理因素。【结果】随着处理温度的降低,4个苹果品种的相对电导率和丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)含量呈现升高趋势,抗寒性强的龙帅相对电导率在不同低温处理下均低于其他品种且变化较为平稳。相比于-15℃处理,长富2号枝条中的O_(2).-和H_(2)O_(2)含量在-35℃时分别增加了38.07%和12.63%,显著高于其他品种。抗寒性越强的品种抗氧化酶活性越较高,且响应低温的速率较快。低温下抗寒性品种积累大量的可溶性蛋白质、游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖等渗透调节物质,各品种苹果枝条糖组分主要是蔗糖和山梨醇。在-25℃低温胁迫下,龙帅枝条中的葡萄糖和果糖含量大幅度升高,且显著高于其他品种。在主成分分析综合评价中,抗寒性由强到弱为龙帅>东光>寒富>长富2号,相对电导率、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量对苹果的抗寒性影响较大。【结论】苹果1年生枝中的相对电导率、SOD活性、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量在众多生理指标中对低温胁迫响应敏感,可用于杂交后代抗寒优系早期快速选择;龙帅作为寒富的后代抗寒性突出,可在寒地苹果产区推广应用。【Objective】The present experiment was undertaken to investigate the cold resistance of four apple varieties with parental genetic relationship and to identify the physiological indicators that can reflect the strength of cold resistance.The aim was to provide theoretical support for rapid screening of superior lines and cold-resistant cultivation management in the breeding process of apples in cold regions.【Methods】In this study,Nagano Fuji No.2,Hanfu,Dongguang and Longshuai were top-grafted(more than one meter above the ground)onto 4-year-old Pingyitiancha rootstocks in spring,and 1-year-old branches were taken as test materials in mid-January in the second year.They were treated at low temperatures of-15℃,-20℃,-25℃,-30℃and-35℃for 24 h,and thawed at 4℃for 24 h.The membrane structure stability,active oxygen metabolism and physiological indexes of osmotic adjustment substances were determined.The cold resistance of apples was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis,and the physiological factors affecting cold resistance were analyzed.【Results】With the decrease of treatment temperature,the relative electrical conductivity of the branches from four apple varieties showed a trend of gradual increase and reached the maximum at-35℃.Moreover,the relative electrical conductivity of Nagano Fuji No.2 was still significantly higher than that of other varieties, and the difference between Longshuai and Dongguang was not significant. With the aggravationof low-temperature stress, the MDA contents in branches of different varieties showed an upwardtrend, and the content of MDA in branches of Nagano Fuji No.2 was always higher than that of other varieties.The MDA contents in branches of Dongguang and Longshuai was low, and there was no significantdifference in MDA content between the two varieties under -20 ℃, -25 ℃ and -30 ℃. The contentsof O_(2)− and H_(2)O_(2) in the branches of the varieties with weak cold resistance were higher, and the contentsof O2− in the branches of

关 键 词：苹果 抗寒性 主成分 综合评价 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]